Data Collection Methods

Types of Data

• Data can be classified into two main types:
  • Qualitative Data
  • Represents descriptive information.
  • Covers aspects such as:
    • Color
    • Size
    • Quality
    • Appearance
  • Examples: Black pen, chair.
  • Quantitative Data
  • Deals with numerical information.
  • Includes metrics such as:
    • Statistics
    • Poll numbers
    • Percentages
  • Examples: Number of chairs in a school, reported in numbers.

Methods to Collect Data

• There are two primary methods for collecting data:

  • Primary Data

  • Definition: First-hand data collected directly from sources.

  • Characteristics:

    • Consumes more time and resources.
    • Provides reliable results but is resource-intensive.

  • Examples of Collection Methods:

    • Interviews
    • Questionnaires
    • Focus groups

  • Secondary Data

  • Definition: Second-hand data collected by other parties.

  • Characteristics:

    • Cheaper to obtain.
    • Potential concerns regarding the accuracy and authenticity of data.

  • Examples:

    • Reports
    • Statistics
    • Government records
    • Online resources

Considerations for Data Collection

• Essential questions to address when starting the data gathering process:
  1. What is the goal or purpose of this research?
  2. Who will respond to this research?
  3. What type of data are we planning to gather?
  4. How are we collecting the data?
     • Consider the methods and procedures that will be used to collect, store, and process the information.
     • Specify the locations or mediums where the data will be stored.

• Database - A collection of information stored in a computer that can be easily accessed and managed.
• File - A group of data or information saved on a computer that you can open and use.
• Field - A single piece of information in a record, like a name or date.
• Register/Record - A complete set of information about one item, made up of different fields.