Scriptures final exam
Term/Question | Definition/Answer | Source |
Order of Empires | Assyria – Babylon – Persia (538-333 BCE) – Greek (starts 332 BCE with Alexander the Great) – Roman Empire | uploaded:3-1st Day Intertestamental Period.pptx |
Intertestamental Period | The period from 400 BCE – 0 BCE marked by historical, cultural, and religious shifts. Key developments include the translation of the Septuagint and the writing of the Apocrypha. | uploaded:3-1st Day Intertestamental Period.pptx |
Antiochus IV | The Seleucid King who ruled from 175 BCE and whose persecution sparked the Maccabean Revolt. | uploaded:3-1st Day Intertestamental Period.pptx |
Maccabean Revolt | A Jewish rebellion that began in 167 BCE, led by Mattathias and his family, against Antiochus IV. | uploaded:3-1st Day Intertestamental Period.pptx |
Hanukkah | The festival celebrating the Re-dedication/purification of the Temple in 164 BCE following the Maccabean victory. | uploaded:3-1st Day Intertestamental Period.pptx |
Hasmonean Dynasty | The independent Jewish state that ruled from 142-63 BCE after the success of the Maccabean Revolt. | uploaded:3-1st Day Intertestamental Period.pptx |
Apocrypha | Other Jewish writings produced during the Intertestamental Period. | uploaded:3-1st Day Intertestamental Period.pptx |
Septuagint (LXX) | The Greek translation of the Old Testament, done during the 3rd-2nd C. BCE. | uploaded:3-1st Day Intertestamental Period.pptx |
Canonization of the OT | The order in which the sections of the Old Testament were accepted as authoritative: Torah (400 BCE), Prophets (200 BCE), Writings (100 AD). | uploaded:3-1st Day Intertestamental Period.pptx |
Sadducees (Matching) | Associated with the temple and priestly class; upper class; did not believe in resurrection or afterlife; accepted only the Torah. | uploaded:3-1st Day Intertestamental Period.pptx |
Pharisees (Matching) | Pursued virtuous living by the Mosaic law; gathered around synagogues; accepted the whole OT and oral traditions; believed in afterlife and bodily resurrection; morphed into rabbinic Judaism after 70 CE. | uploaded:3-1st Day Intertestamental Period.pptx |
Essenes (Matching) | Criticized the Temple and other sects; lived separately in communal settings (e.g., Qumran/Dead Sea Scrolls); emphasized pure worship; believed in an afterlife and resurrection. | uploaded:3-1st Day Intertestamental Period.pptx |
The Diaspora (Matching) | The dispersion of Jews outside of the traditional Jewish homeland. | uploaded:3-1st Day Intertestamental Period.pptx |
Term/Question | Definition/Answer | Source |
Divisions of the NT | 1. 4 Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John); 2. History (Acts); 3. Letters (Pauline & General); 4. Apocalypse/Prophecy (Revelation). | uploaded:3-7th James and Revelation.pptx |
Gospel Composition Dates | Mark (65-70 CE, earliest) – Matthew & Luke (70-80s CE) – John (80-90s CE, latest). | uploaded:3-4th Day John.pptx |
Synoptic Gospels | Matthew, Mark, and Luke; they can be "seen together" due to striking verbal similarities. | uploaded:3-2nd Day Mark.pptx |
Synoptic Problem | The question of the literary relationship among the Synoptic Gospels (who wrote first). | uploaded:3-2nd Day Mark.pptx |
Scholarly Consensus on Synoptic Problem | Markan Priority: Mark was written first, and Matthew and Luke expanded upon it. | uploaded:3-2nd Day Mark.pptx |
"Q" (Quelle) | A suspected source (over 200 non-Markan verses) shared by both Matthew and Luke. | uploaded:3-2nd Day Mark.pptx |
Gospel of Mark's Characteristics | Earliest and shortest; no childhood of Jesus; fast-paced (using "immediately"); portrays Jesus as the suffering servant. | uploaded:3-4th Day John.pptx |
Gospel of Matthew's Characteristics | Most Jewish-oriented; most Old Testament citations (fulfillment citations); presents Jesus as a new Moses (Sermon on the Mount); includes the Magi's visit (Jesus as a King); only gospel to use the term "church". | uploaded:3-3rd Day Matthew. & Luke (1).pptx, uploaded:3-4th Day John.pptx |
Gospel of Luke's Characteristics | Written for a general/Gentile audience (to Theophilus); emphasizes the marginalized (women, poor, sinners); includes radical teachings (Good Samaritan, Prodigal Son); genealogy goes back to Adam; is the first part of the Luke-Acts sequel. | uploaded:3-3rd Day Matthew. & Luke (1).pptx, uploaded:3-4th Day John.pptx |
Gospel of John's Characteristics | The latest and most theological gospel; emphasizes the divinity of Jesus (logos/Incarnation); contains seven "signs" and seven "I am" statements. | uploaded:3-4th Day John.pptx |
Importance of women in the Gospels | While male disciples scattered, women (including Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of Jesus, and Salome) were faithful witnesses to Jesus’s crucifixion, burial, and resurrection. | uploaded:3-2nd Day Mark.pptx |
Term/Question | Definition/Answer | Source |
Pentecost (Acts 2) | The event that marks the coming of the Holy Spirit and the beginning of the Church in Jerusalem. | uploaded:3-5th Acts.pptx |
Spread of Christianity in Acts (1:8) | From Jerusalem – Judea – Samaria – to the ends of the earth. | uploaded:3-5th Acts.pptx |
Peter (Matching) | The prominent Apostle; main character of the first half of Acts (chs. 1-12). | uploaded:3-5th Acts.pptx |
Paul (Saul) (Matching) | The Apostle to the Gentiles; a converted persecutor; main character of the second half of Acts (chs. 9, 13-28); Roman citizen and Pharisee who studied under Gamaliel. | uploaded:3-5th Acts.pptx |
Barnabas (Matching) | Sent from the Jerusalem Church to lead the Antioch Church; picked up Saul (Paul) to join him; traveled with Paul on the 1st Mission Trip. | uploaded:3-5th Acts.pptx |
Paul’s Conversion | A mystical encounter with Christ near Damascus, leading him to become a traveling missionary and church planter (from 32-35 CE). | uploaded:3-5th Acts.pptx, uploaded:3-6th Paul and Galatians.pptx |
Jerusalem Council (Topic) | Discussed Gentile conversion and whether Gentile Christians needed to be circumcised and follow the Mosaic Law. | uploaded:3-6th Paul and Galatians.pptx, uploaded:3-5th Acts.pptx |
Jerusalem Council (Conclusion) | Approved Paul’s ministry and affirmed the gospel of justification by faith in Christ, not by the works of the law. | uploaded:3-6th Paul and Galatians.pptx |
Purpose of Pauline Letters | Not a systematic theology, but pastoral dispatches written to local churches or individuals to address specific problems and issues they faced. | uploaded:3-6th Paul and Galatians.pptx |
Paul's Major Theological Themes | Justification by faith (not works of the law); Unity of Jews and Gentiles in the Church; Jesus Christ fulfills the OT/God's purpose for all nations. | uploaded:3-6th Paul and Galatians.pptx |
Amanuensis (Authorship Issue) | The practice of using a scribe to write a letter, which complicates the issue of authorship (not explicitly defined in snippets but implied by the context of authorship). | uploaded:3-6th Paul and Galatians.pptx |
Pseudonymity (Authorship Issue) | The practice of writing under a false name (not explicitly defined in snippets but implied by the context of authorship). | uploaded:3-6th Paul and Galatians.pptx |
Tone of Galatians | Emotional and polemical (a strong written attack); Paul rebukes the Galatians and defends his gospel as a divine revelation. | uploaded:3-6th Paul and Galatians.pptx |
Judaizers (Galatians) | Those who insisted that Gentile converts must be circumcised and follow the Mosaic Law (the "works of the law"). | uploaded:3-6th Paul and Galatians.pptx |
Simple Structure of Galatians | Chapters 1-4: Paul defends his gospel and the concept of Justification by Faith. Chapters 5-6: Paul urges the Galatians to live by the Spirit and become a slave to one another, fulfilling the law through love. | uploaded:3-6th Paul and Galatians.pptx |
Reformation/Martin Luther (Relation to Galatians) | Galatians' core message—Justification by faith, not by the works of the law—was the theological foundation for the Reformation (not explicitly stated in the slides, but the final section of Galatians' emphasis is provided). | uploaded:3-6th Paul and Galatians.pptx |
Term/Question | Definition/Answer | Source |
General Letters | Non-Pauline Letters sent to a general audience (not specific congregations). They include Hebrews, James, 1-2 Peter, 1-3 John, and Jude. | uploaded:3-7th James and Revelation.pptx |
Catholic Epistles | An alternative name for the collection of seven General Letters (excluding Hebrews), which gained this title in the late 3rd century. | uploaded:3-7th James and Revelation.pptx |
Hebrews | A General Letter that is now regarded as anonymous, though it was included in the Canon because it was previously thought to be Paul's work. | uploaded:3-7th James and Revelation.pptx |
Traditional Author of James | James, the younger brother of Jesus. | uploaded:3-7th James and Revelation.pptx |
Traditional Author of Jude | Jude, the brother of James. | uploaded:3-7th James and Revelation.pptx |
Revelation: Genre | Apocalypse (Ἀποκάλυψις) and prophecy. | uploaded:3-7th James and Revelation.pptx |
Revelation: Literary Features | Use of visions and symbols (e.g., beasts, Babylon, New Jerusalem), dualistic language (righteous vs. wicked), and numerology (e.g., 7, 12, 666, which likely referred to "Neron Ceasar"). | uploaded:3-7th James and Revelation.pptx |
Revelation: Historical Context | Written by John on the island of Patmos to the seven churches in Asia during a time of suffering and persecution, providing a heavenly perspective of the cosmic war, divine judgment, and final victory. | uploaded:3-7th James and Revelation.pptx |
NT Canonization Process | The process by which the 27 books were recognized as authoritative. The General Letters helped the NT represent a larger apostolic tradition. | uploaded:3-7th James and Revelation.pptx |
Marcion and Irenaeus | (The specific roles of Marcion and Irenaeus in the Canonization process are not detailed in the available slide information.) |
Term/Question | Definition/Answer | Source |
332 BCE | Alexander the Great gains control of Judea. | uploaded:3-1st Day Intertestamental Period.pptx |
167 BCE | Beginning of the Maccabean Revolt. | uploaded:3-1st Day Intertestamental Period.pptx |
164 BCE | Re-dedication/purification of the Temple (Hanukkah). | uploaded:3-1st Day Intertestamental Period.pptx |
142-63 BCE | Reign of the Hasmonean Dynasty. | uploaded:3-1st Day Intertestamental Period.pptx |
30 CE | Jesus’s Crucifixion and Pentecost (50 days after). | uploaded:3-6th Paul and Galatians.pptx |
46-49 CE | Jerusalem Council. | uploaded:3-6th Paul and Galatians.pptx |
50s-60s CE | Paul’s Letters were written. | uploaded:3-6th Paul and Galatians.pptx |
64 CE | Nero’s persecution; Death of Paul and Peter. | uploaded:3-5th Acts.pptx, uploaded:3-6th Paul and Galatians.pptx |
70 CE | End of the Second Temple Period; Pharisees morphed into rabbinic Judaism after this year. | uploaded:3-1st Day Intertestamental Period.pptx |