Repro-L4
Purpose of Pre-Lecture Material
Aids in preparation and note-taking.
Not a substitute for the live lecture.
Lecture Information
A/Prof Jane Girling, Department of Anatomy.
Lecture 37: Reproductive System IV - Female Reproductive System II.
All resources are copyrighted.
Content Reference
Adapted from Martini et al., 2018, Visual Anatomy and Physiology.
Post-Lecture Quiz Topics
Layers of the uterine wall.
Artery associated with the female reproductive tract.
Fingerlike projections on the infundibulum.
Identification of a specific ligament.
Lecture Objectives
Describe oogenesis.
Explain major female reproductive hormones.
Outline ovarian/menstrual cycles.
Define menarche and menopause.
Pre-Reading Assignments
Oogenesis: Module 26.10 (pg 1058-1059).
Menstrual cycle: Module 26.12 (pg 1062-1063).
Hormones: Module 26.15 (pg 1066-1067).
Oogenesis Overview
Formation of oocyte from oogonia.
Involves mitosis and meiosis.
Lifetime supply of gametes produced before birth.
Cyclic process with ovulation approximately every 28 days.
Oogenesis Process
Mitosis of oogonium leads to primary oocyte.
Meiosis I and II processes detailed.
Fertilization leads to formation of zygote.
Oogenesis Before Birth
Oogonia increase by mitosis.
Primary oocytes formed and encased in primordial follicles.
Meiosis halts at prophase I until puberty.
Oogenesis from Menarche to Menopause
~300,000 oocytes at puberty.
Follicles recruited each cycle; only one completes development.
Primary oocyte completes meiosis I.
Meiosis II in Oogenesis
Secondary oocyte halts at metaphase II until fertilization.
If not fertilized, it degenerates.
Oocyte Development
One primary oocyte forms one ovum; three polar bodies degenerate.
Follicle Development
Oocyte develops within multilayered follicles.
Granulosa and theca cells involved in hormone production.
Summary of Oogenesis
Oogenesis occurs in the ovary.
Primary oocytes halt at prophase I until puberty.
Dominant follicle undergoes ovulation.
RED-S in Elite Female Athletes
Energy imbalance affects GnRH release.
Leads to irregular periods and increased fracture risk.
Female Reproductive Hormones
Estradiol, inhibin, progesterone, GnRH, FSH, LH.
Hormonal Functions
GnRH stimulates FSH and LH release.
FSH promotes follicle growth; LH triggers ovulation.
Ovarian/Menstrual Cycles
Cyclic changes prepare oocyte for fertilization and endometrium for implantation.
Menarche and Menopause
Menarche: first menstrual period around age 12-13.
Menopause: cessation of menstruation in early 50s.
Ovarian Cycle Phases
Follicular phase: Day 1-14.
Luteal phase: Day 15-28.
Follicular Phase Details
Increased FSH stimulates follicular growth.
Dominant follicle secretes estradiol.
Ovulation Process
High estradiol leads to LH surge and ovulation.
Luteal Phase Overview
Corpus luteum forms and secretes hormones.
Negative feedback on FSH and LH.
Cycle Restart
If no fertilization occurs, corpus luteum involutes, restarting the cycle.
Menstrual Cycle Phases
Menstrual and Proliferative Phase: Days 1-14.
Secretory Phase: Days 15-28.
Menstrual and Proliferative Phase
Endometrium breaks down during menstruation.
Estradiol stimulates endometrial growth.
Secretory Phase Functions
Progesterone promotes endometrial maturation.
Cycle Conclusion
If no fertilization, endometrial tissue breaks down leading to menstruation.
Summary of Cycles
Ovarian/menstrual cycles occur between menarche and menopause.
Follicles grow in response to hormonal signals.
Quiz Questions
Definitions of menarche and menopause.
Role of GnRH in hormone regulation.
Meiosis II suspension in oogenesis.
Copyright Notice
Coursepack usage restrictions and copyright compliance.
Purpose of Pre-Lecture Material
Aids in preparation and note-taking.
Not a substitute for the live lecture.
Lecture Information
A/Prof Jane Girling, Department of Anatomy.
Lecture 37: Reproductive System IV - Female Reproductive System II.
All resources are copyrighted.
Content Reference
Adapted from Martini et al., 2018, Visual Anatomy and Physiology.
Post-Lecture Quiz Topics
Layers of the uterine wall.
Artery associated with the female reproductive tract.
Fingerlike projections on the infundibulum.
Identification of a specific ligament.
Lecture Objectives
Describe oogenesis.
Explain major female reproductive hormones.
Outline ovarian/menstrual cycles.
Define menarche and menopause.
Pre-Reading Assignments
Oogenesis: Module 26.10 (pg 1058-1059).
Menstrual cycle: Module 26.12 (pg 1062-1063).
Hormones: Module 26.15 (pg 1066-1067).
Oogenesis Overview
Formation of oocyte from oogonia.
Involves mitosis and meiosis.
Lifetime supply of gametes produced before birth.
Cyclic process with ovulation approximately every 28 days.
Oogenesis Process
Mitosis of oogonium leads to primary oocyte.
Meiosis I and II processes detailed.
Fertilization leads to formation of zygote.
Oogenesis Before Birth
Oogonia increase by mitosis.
Primary oocytes formed and encased in primordial follicles.
Meiosis halts at prophase I until puberty.
Oogenesis from Menarche to Menopause
~300,000 oocytes at puberty.
Follicles recruited each cycle; only one completes development.
Primary oocyte completes meiosis I.
Meiosis II in Oogenesis
Secondary oocyte halts at metaphase II until fertilization.
If not fertilized, it degenerates.
Oocyte Development
One primary oocyte forms one ovum; three polar bodies degenerate.
Follicle Development
Oocyte develops within multilayered follicles.
Granulosa and theca cells involved in hormone production.
Summary of Oogenesis
Oogenesis occurs in the ovary.
Primary oocytes halt at prophase I until puberty.
Dominant follicle undergoes ovulation.
RED-S in Elite Female Athletes
Energy imbalance affects GnRH release.
Leads to irregular periods and increased fracture risk.
Female Reproductive Hormones
Estradiol, inhibin, progesterone, GnRH, FSH, LH.
Hormonal Functions
GnRH stimulates FSH and LH release.
FSH promotes follicle growth; LH triggers ovulation.
Ovarian/Menstrual Cycles
Cyclic changes prepare oocyte for fertilization and endometrium for implantation.
Menarche and Menopause
Menarche: first menstrual period around age 12-13.
Menopause: cessation of menstruation in early 50s.
Ovarian Cycle Phases
Follicular phase: Day 1-14.
Luteal phase: Day 15-28.
Follicular Phase Details
Increased FSH stimulates follicular growth.
Dominant follicle secretes estradiol.
Ovulation Process
High estradiol leads to LH surge and ovulation.
Luteal Phase Overview
Corpus luteum forms and secretes hormones.
Negative feedback on FSH and LH.
Cycle Restart
If no fertilization occurs, corpus luteum involutes, restarting the cycle.
Menstrual Cycle Phases
Menstrual and Proliferative Phase: Days 1-14.
Secretory Phase: Days 15-28.
Menstrual and Proliferative Phase
Endometrium breaks down during menstruation.
Estradiol stimulates endometrial growth.
Secretory Phase Functions
Progesterone promotes endometrial maturation.
Cycle Conclusion
If no fertilization, endometrial tissue breaks down leading to menstruation.
Summary of Cycles
Ovarian/menstrual cycles occur between menarche and menopause.
Follicles grow in response to hormonal signals.
Quiz Questions
Definitions of menarche and menopause.
Role of GnRH in hormone regulation.
Meiosis II suspension in oogenesis.
Copyright Notice
Coursepack usage restrictions and copyright compliance.
