FP/rebellion

Date	Name	Nature/opposition	description	Significance
1511-1514	War Against France	1511 England joined Holy league,	April 1512 England declared war guided by Ferdinand, defeat 1513 (Spain used to distract France from Navarre not help). Army 30,000 sent to Calais to land June 1513	Nothing really gained from military activity in early years, many assets left by father liquidated, renegotiated French pension was lost
1510	Treaty of Etaples renewed	France
1513	Battle of the Spurs	France	22nd august Therouanne fell and Tournai captured after brief siege (20-23 sept)	Henry returned home with glory, but overshadowed victory over Scots at Flodden
September 1513	Flodden	Scotland	Large army (30-40,000) under Earl of Surrey, 10000 Scots killed including James
August 1514	Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye	Anglo-French peace treaty	Henry planned new campaign, peace arranged due to: cost, ministerial pressure (Fox and Wolsey), Maximilian, Ferdinand and pope made peace with France, Henry left to fight alone	Henry kept Tournai, annual pension for agreeing not to pursue French inheritance, marriage of Luis and mary, military glory and rise of Wolsey (bishop of Tournai)
1516	Treaty if Noyon	Spain/France	Established peace	No chance of more French war
1517	Treaty of Cambrai	HRE, France and Heir Scottish throne	Duke of Albany (member of French nobility) used to undermine Anglo-Scottish relations, appointed regent to Scottish throne	Threat minimised due to divisions among Scottish nobility (H failed to exploit these)
1518	Treaty of Universal peace/treaty of London	Pope, Henry, Charles, Francis and Maximilian,	provided for crusade against Turks	Henry and Wolsey a moment of international glory
June 1520	Field of Cloth and Gold	France
1521	Treaty of Bruges	Spain (in secret)	Against France. Elton thinks change in policy stemmed from Wolsey's wish to keep Pope's Italian dominions secure from French invasion from Milan, Scarisbrick and Wenham think Henry had taken over the direction from Wolsey and was spoiling for a war with France. Potentially improve pope relations, might gain French territory, marriage alliance	Invasion of northern France 1522/1523, costly with little reward.
1525	Battle of Pavia	Spain/italy	Charles won in Italy taking Francis prisoner	Renewed Henry's enthusiasm for War, Charles refusing celebration of Charles/Mary marriage as he owed nothing. Charles failure to secure Wolsey thr Papacy. Treaty of the More with France, enforced H’s resentment
1526	League of Cognac	Pope, France, Florence and Venice	Resist Charles' supremacy in Italy, Wolsey associated England with league and Henry name Protector but no money available. Elton thinks Wolsey had to come to Pope's assistance, Scarisbrick thinks Wolsey was sustaining balance of power in Europe	Resulted in a sack of Rome as Charles easy went throgh forces, which meant no divorce granted, H feeling Wolsey failed him
1527	Sack of Rome	Charles and Pope	Pope Clement VII prisoner of emperor, England offers support to France	Treaty of Amiens
1527	Anglo-French treaties of Westminster and Amiens	France	Designed to gain divorce, against Charles, forced due to weakness
Jan 1528	Trade embargo on Low Countries	War declared against Charles but never took place	Wolsey trying to pressure,	Charles’ retaliation led to widespread unemployment and social problems in England forcing Wolsey to back down, Wolsey’s fall from power 1529
1529	Peace of Cambrai	Between Francis and Charles V and Pope		England disregarded as lacked power and reputation to have decisive influence on events, England not accpeted as first-class power
1535	Resistance to Amicable Grant	Resistance to taxation since 1513, many refused to pay 1525 Amicable grant, others rebelled	Strongest resistance in north Essex and south Suffolk, Earl of Essex reported 1000 people gathered at Essex/Suffolk border and were determined to resist payment
1536	Renewal of fighting	France and Spain		Allowed the dissolution?
1536-7	Pilgrimage of Grace	Religious/socio economic grievances against king’s minister	Religion: abolition of holy days, involvement of monks and clergy, banner, name of rising, dissolution of monasteries, fear over security of Parish church Economic: taxes on baptism burial and marriage, poor Economic situation in the North, Statute of Uses 1536, enclosure, Political: faction struggle Aragonese vs Boleyn (Elton), exclusion of north from government, 36,000 at height	Shook HVIII, record in dealing with rebellion was poor, fortunate DofNorfolk showed common sense, pilgrimage did NOT slow pace of religious change
1538	Treaty of Nice	France and HRE	10 year truce, situation TC feared most, but both were financially exhausted and lacked a personal motive, but H's excommunication 1538 resulted in precautions	Built up Navy (150 new ships), fortresses, levies of foot soldiers, foreign allies sought (Schmalkaldic league), political purge, religious conservatism (6 Articles 1539)
1540	Cleves marriage		Part of Schmalkaldic league	Quickly dissolved (Flanders mare)
1542	Solway Moss	Scotland	Alarmed at H and ChV's plans to invade France Scotland pre-emptive strike (auld alliance)	Defeated, James V died and Mary of Guise regent for MQS, treaty of Greenwich
1543	Treaty of Greenwich	Scotland	Rushed, Scots agreed to future marriage of Ed to MQS, bible translation sanctioned in Scotland, Cardinal Beaton sacked	H didn't make most out of (missed opportunity) by demanding representation on Scottish Regency council, Scots repudiated the treaty renewing the Ault alliance and Cardinal Beatin returned, led to 'rough wooing'
1544	Invasion of France	France	English army 40,000 in Fr to support CHV but only capture Boulogne, ChV made peace and France laid seige. Mary Rose Sank!	Treaty Ardres, cost of £2.1 million, 2/3rds monastic land sold and debasement, France to send troops to Scotland to reinforce possible invasion, separate French force landed on isle of white
1546	Treaty of Ardres	France	Result of 1544 invasion and capture of Boulogne	England kept Boulogne for 8 years; France paid 8 million crowns for return, little glory achieved (Dawson 'futile disaster') Henry had not considered national security or trade.