LabQuiz1StudyGuide(sp25)

Page 1: Overview of Experiments and Topics for Lab Quiz 1

This summary outlines the experiments and topics that will be assessed in Lab Quiz 1, providing an overview of key areas of focus and sample question types.

Experiments

1. Experiment 1: Properties of Hydrocarbons

   • Focus: Understanding polarity, solubility, and reactivity of hydrocarbons, specifically alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics.

   • Reactions Studied:

     • Bromination: Addition reactions involving bromine.

     • Permanganate Oxidation: Reaction of hydrocarbons with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) to assess their reactivity.

2. Experiment 2: CO2 Extraction of Limonene

   • Focus: Understanding phase diagrams and the extraction process of limonene using CO2.

3. Experiment 3: Synthesis of Aspirin

   • Focus:

     • Determination of molecular formula and calculations of molar mass.

     • Calculating moles from mass and vice versa.

     • Calculating percent yields.

4. Experiment 4: Functional Groups Worksheet

   • Focus: Identifying various functional groups covered in class:

     • Alkene/Alkyne

     • Alcohol

     • Aldehyde/Ketone

     • Carboxylic Acid

     • Ester

     • Amine/Amide

5. Experiment 5: Properties of Analgesic Drugs

   • Focus:

     • Examining NSAIDs and their mechanisms of action.

     • Assessing solubility and pH properties.

6. Experiment 6: Esters and Soaps

   • Focus:

     • Predicting products of condensation, hydrolysis, and acid/base reactions.

     • Identifying amphipathic compounds.

7. Experiment 7: Characterization of Carbohydrates

   • Focus: To be determined (TBD).

Sample Questions

1. Matching Compounds with IUPAC Names:

   • Identify major functional groups for listed compounds:

     • a. Butan-2-one

     • b. Buta-1,3-diene

     • c. Benzene

     • d. Methanal

     • e. Hexane

2. Reactivity Ranking:

   • Rank the reactivity of alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics from least to most reactive based on potassium permanganate reactions.

3. Addition Reactions:

   • Identify types of compounds that participate in addition reactions based on previous rankings.

Page 2: Further Inquiry and Key Concepts

Survey of Topics and Concepts

4. Markovnikov’s Rule:

   • Understand how this rule predicts products in addition reactions, summarized as "the rich get richer and the poor get poorer."

   • Application: Determine the product of a specified addition reaction using this principle.

5. Acetaminophen Synthesis:

   • Calculate the molecular formula and molar mass for p-aminophenol and acetaminophen.

   • Theoretical yield calculation:

     • Given 2.4 grams of p-aminophenol, calculate the theoretical yield of acetaminophen.

   • Percent yield calculation:

     • If 1.7 grams of acetaminophen are prepared, calculate the percent yield.

   • Discuss the possibility of achieving over 100% yields in class experiments and analyze reasons behind this phenomenon.

6. Mechanism of Action for Acetaminophen and NSAIDs:

   • Discriminate among potential mechanisms of action, including:

     • Inhibition of COX-2 enzymes

     • Interaction with mu-opiate receptors

     • Hydrophobic interactions with nonpolar materials.

Page 3: Application and Concept Review

7. Ester Formation:

   • Identify the ester formed from a specified reaction.

8. Saponification Process:

   • Understand the reaction processes involved in saponification of triglycerides, identifying the sequential reactions in this context (acid/base and hydrolysis or condensation).

9. Amphipathic Compounds:

   • Define amphipathic compounds and discuss their characteristics, particularly their dual affinity towards polar and nonpolar environments.

10. Analgesic Drug pH Prediction:

    • Predict whether ibuprofen, aspirin, and acetaminophen are acidic, neutral, or basic based on pH tests.

11. Conjugate Bases of Acidic Analgesics:

    • Illustrate the conjugate base for those analgesic drugs expected to be acidic post-reaction with sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

Answers to Lab Quiz 1 Sample Questions

1. Matching Compounds with IUPAC Names:

   • a. Butan-2-one: Ketone

   • b. Buta-1,3-diene: Alkene

   • c. Benzene: Aromatic hydrocarbon

   • d. Methanal: Aldehyde

   • e. Hexane: Alkane

2. Reactivity Ranking:

   • Alkanes (least reactive) < Alkenes < Aromatics (most reactive) based on potassium permanganate reactions.

3. Addition Reactions:

   • Compounds that participate: Alkenes and Aromatics based on previous rankings.