UN Peacekeeping and Global Justice in the 21st Century

UN Peacekeeping

• Nations Unies/United Nations Peacekeeping

UN Organs and Peacekeeping

• Security Council: Decides on peacekeeping missions.
  • Identifies conflicts and seeks solutions.
• General Assembly: Can initiate peacekeeping operations, though typically initiated by the Security Council.
• UN Organs: Various UN bodies can contribute to peacekeeping efforts.

Department of Peace Operations (DPO)

*Manages peacekeeping missions.

Major Peacekeeping Missions

• UNTSO: United Nations Truce Supervision Organization.
  • Established in the Middle East.
  • Monitors ceasefires.
• UNMOGIP: United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan.
  • Supervises the ceasefire between India and Pakistan, particularly in Kashmir.
  • Created after the outbreak of war.

Principles of Peacekeeping

• Consent of the Parties
  • Operations require the consent of the main parties involved in the conflict.
  • This consent implies a commitment to a political process.
  • Acceptance of the peacekeeping operation grants the UN necessary freedom of action.
  • Without consent, the operation risks becoming a party to the conflict.
• Impartiality
  • Crucial for maintaining cooperation.
  • Peacekeepers should be impartial in dealings with conflicting parties but not neutral in executing their mandate.
  • Operations should not condone actions that violate peace process undertakings or international norms.
• Non-Use of Force
  • Force is permitted only in self-defence and defence of the mandate.
  • Peacekeeping operations are not enforcement tools but may use force at a tactical level with Security Council authorization.
  • In volatile situations,