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Pharmacology Exam Preparation

Pharmacology Study Notes

Question #3: Neurotransmitter Receptor Blockade

  • Question: What term best describes a drug that blocks the action of a neurotransmitter at its receptors by occupying those receptors without activating them?

  • Options:

    • A) Noncompetitive antagonist

    • B) Chemical antagonist

    • C) Pharmacological antagonist

    • D) Physiological antagonist

  • Correct Answer: A) Noncompetitive antagonist

Question #2: Varied Actions of Drugs

  • Question: Which drug produces qualitatively different actions when administered through various routes?

  • Options:

    • A) Neostigmine

    • B) Atropine sulfate

    • C) Activated charcoal

    • D) Magnesium sulfate

Question #3: Drug Half-Life Calculation

  • Question: If 100 mg of drug X is given intravenously, after 8 hours the concentration is 50 mg, and after 16 hours it is 25 mg. What is the drug's half-life (t 1/2)?

  • Options:

    • A) 16

    • B) 8

    • C) 50

    • D) 25

  • Correct Answer: B) 8

  • Half-Life Definition: The time required for the concentration of a drug in the blood to fall to half its original value.

Question #4: Liver Microsomal Enzyme Induction Effects

  • Question: Which is considered an effect of liver microsomal enzyme induction?

  • Options:

    • A) Decrease drug excretion through the kidney

    • B) Shorten the duration of the drug action

    • C) Increase the toxic effects of a drug

    • D) Prolong the duration of the action of a drug

Question #15: Pharmacokinetics Definition

  • Question: Which term refers to studying drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion?

  • Options:

    • A) Pharmacotherapy

    • B) Toxicology

    • C) Pharmacokinetics

    • D) Pharmacodynamics

  • Correct Answer: C) Pharmacokinetics

Question #2: Phase II Metabolic Transformation

  • Question: Which of the following is considered Phase II Metabolic transformation?

  • Options:

    • A) Transformation of substances via oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis

    • B) Plasma proteins binding

    • C) Renal elimination of the drugs

    • D) Glucuronidation and glucuronide formation

  • Correct Answer: D) Glucuronidation and glucuronide formation

Question #3: Hepatic Microsomal Enzyme Inhibitors

  • Question: Which one of the following is a hepatic microsomal enzyme inhibitor?

  • Options:

    • A) Testosterone

    • B) Tobacco smoking

    • C) Estrogen

    • D) Ethyl alcohol

Question #4: Reasons for Determining Bioavailability

  • Question: What are the reasons for determining bioavailability?

  • Options:

    • A) Physiological parameters of blood

    • B) Glomerular filtration rate

    • C) The oral dose and frequency of the drug

    • D) The extent of absorption and hepatic first-pass effect

Question #5: Secondary Effects of Drugs

  • Question: Which is the drug's secondary unwanted effect that the therapeutic dose could induce?

  • Options:

    • A) Commutative effect

    • B) Side effect

    • C) Toxic effect

    • D) Therapeutic effect

Question #6: Drug Mechanism of Action

  • Question: Which refers to the drug's effect on the body and its action mechanism?

  • Options:

    • A) Pharmacotherapeutics

    • B) Pharmacokinetics

    • C) Pharmacodynamics

    • D) Pharmacogenomics

  • Correct Answer: C) Pharmacodynamics

Question #20: Drug Combination Phenomena

  • Question: What phenomenon can occur when using a combination of drugs?

  • Options:

    • A) Accumulation

    • B) Tolerance

    • C) Tachyphylaxis

    • D) Synergism

Question #8: Acidic Drug Excretion

  • Question: Which type of drugs could be rapidly excreted by acidifying urine?

  • Options:

    • A) Weakly acidic drugs

    • B) Nonpolar drugs

    • C) Weakly basic drugs

    • D) Strong electrolytes

Question #18: Drug Agonist Function

  • Question: What is the function of a drug agonist?

  • Options:

    • A) When a chemical binds to it, a reaction will be activated

    • B) When a chemical binds to it, a reaction will be inactivated

    • C) When it binds to the receptor, it will activate that receptor

    • D) When it binds to the receptor, it will prevent activation of that receptor

Question #15: Therapeutic Dose Definition

  • Question: What does "the amount of a drug to produce the required effect in most patients" refer to?

  • Options:

    • A) Therapeutic dose

    • B) Loading dose

    • C) Toxic dose

    • D) Lethal dose

Question #17: Blood-Brain Barrier Function

  • Question: Which of the following restricts the entry of many drugs into the brain and is constituted by P-glycoprotein efflux carriers in brain capillary cells?

  • Options:

    • A) Blood-placental barrier

    • B) Blood-milk barrier

    • C) Blood-brain barrier

    • D) First-pass metabolism

Question #10: Noncompetitive Antagonist Definition

  • Question: Which term best describes a drug that blocks the action of a neurotransmitter at its receptors by occupying those receptors without activating them?

  • Options:

    • A) Noncompetitive antagonist

    • B) Physiological antagonist

    • C) Pharmacological antagonist

    • D) Chemical antagonist

Question #11: Physiological Antagonism

  • Question: Which of the following agents is considered a physiological antagonist to adrenaline?

  • Options:

    • A) Neostigmine

    • B) Atropine sulfate

    • C) Magnesium sulfate

    • D) Histamine

Question #17: Alpha-2 Adrenergic Receptor Antagonist

  • Question: Which drug acts as an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist with aphrodisiac activities?

  • Options:

    • A) Prazosin

    • B) Phentolamine

    • C) Dihydroergotamine

    • D) Yohimbine

Question #19: Beta-Adrenergic Blocker Prototype

  • Question: Which of the following drugs is the prototype beta-adrenergic blocker and is considered a competitive antagonist to isoprenaline?

  • Options:

    • A) Carvedilol

    • B) Labetalol

    • C) Propranolol

    • D) Atenolol

Question #15: Antihypertensive Drug Mechanism

  • Question: Which of the following acts as an antihypertensive drug by inhibiting catecholamine release?

  • Options:

    • A) Cocaine

    • B) Guanethidine

    • C) Ephedrine

    • D) Amphetamine

Question #2: Local Hemostatic Agent

  • Question: Which of the following is a local hemostatic, nasal decongestant direct-acting catecholamine?

  • Options:

    • A) Ephedrine

    • B) Adrenaline

    • C) Amphetamine

    • D) Phentolamine

Question #3: Sympathomimetic Drug Classification

  • Question: Which of the following is a sympathomimetic directly acting drug on the beta-adrenergic receptor without effects on alpha-adrenoceptors?

  • Options:

    • A) Isoprenaline

    • B) Ephedrine

    • C) Adrenaline

    • D) Noradrenaline

Question #1: Acetylcholine Action Blocker

  • Question: Which agent blocks the action of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction?

  • Options:

    • A) Adrenaline

    • B) Atropine sulfate

    • C) Neostigmine

    • D) d-Tubocurarine

Question #16: Adrenaline Application

  • Question: For which purpose could adrenaline be injected with a local anesthetic?

  • Options:

    • A) It prolongs the duration of the local anesthetic

    • B) It makes the injection less painful

    • C) It shortens the duration of local anesthesia

    • D) It reduces the local toxicity of the local anesthetic

Question #20: Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist

  • Question: Which of the following drugs acts as an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist with skeletal muscle relaxant activities?

  • Options:

    • A) Baclofen

    • B) Tizanidine

    • C) Carbachol

    • D) Physostigmine

Question #14: Mephenesin Action

  • Question: Which of the following represents mephenesin?

  • Options:

    • A) Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxant

    • B) Competitive antagonist of nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction

    • C) Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant and specific antidote of strychnine toxicity

    • D) Non-competitive antagonist of nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction

Question #6: Drug Action Blocking Epinephrine

  • Question: Which term describes a drug that blocks the action of epinephrine at its alpha receptors by occupying them?

  • Options:

    • A) Propranolol

    • B) Histamine

    • C) Reserpine

    • D) Phentolamine

Question #8: Antispasmodic Agents

  • Question: Which of the following antispasmodic agents has muscarinic-blocking activities?

  • Options:

    • A) Neostigmine

    • B) Hyoscine butyl bromide

    • C) Benztropine

    • D) Homatropine

Question #9: Treatment for Toxicity

  • Question: Which drugs could treat both atropine and d-tubocurarine toxicity?

  • Options:

    • A) Neostigmine

    • B) Acetylcholine

    • C) Noradrenaline

    • D) Muscarine

Question #30: Source of Hyoscine

  • Question: Which of the following is considered the source of hyoscine?

  • Options:

    • A) Semisynthetic source

    • B) Natural microbial source

    • C) Natural plant source

    • D) Natural animal source

Question #4: Choline Esterase Inhibitor for Miosis

  • Question: Which 'choline esterase inhibitor' produces miosis in the eye?

  • Options:

    • A) Arecholine

    • B) Carbachol

    • C) Neostigmine

    • D) Pilocarpine

Question #12: GABA Agonist for Skeletal Muscle Relaxation

  • Question: Which drug acts as a GABA agonist skeletal muscle relaxant?

  • Options:

    • A) Succinylcholine

    • B) Baclofen

    • C) Dantrolene

    • D) D-tubocurarine

Question #13: Indirect Action Enhancer

  • Question: Which abuse drug acts indirectly by enhancing the release of noradrenaline?

  • Options:

    • A) Ephedrine

    • B) Amphetamine

    • C) Guanethidine

    • D) Dopamine

Question #34: Treatment for Angina in Asthmatic Patients

  • Question: Which of the following is suitable for treating angina in asthmatic patients?

  • Options:

    • A) Isoprenaline

    • B) Propranolol

    • C) Timolol

    • D) Atenolol

Question #35: Orthostatic Hypotension Side Effect

  • Question: Which of the following induces orthostatic hypotension as a side effect?

  • Options:

    • A) Phenoxybenzamine

    • B) Reserpine

    • C) Dihydroergotamine

    • D) Prazosin

Question #36: Parasympatholytic Agent for Eye Examination

  • Question: Which of the following drugs is considered a parasympatholytic agent that could be used for examining the eye fundus due to its mydriatic effects?

  • Options:

    • A) Physostigmine

    • B) Acetylcholine

    • C) Atropine

    • D) Neostigmine

Question #37: Hemicholinium Function

  • Question: Which of the following represents hemicholinium?

  • Options:

    • A) It inhibits the synthesis of acetylcholine and acts as a skeletal muscle relaxant

    • B) It activates both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors

    • C) It activates muscarinic receptors of smooth muscles

    • D) It is one of the synthetic choline esters.