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Developmental Process: Nature v Nurture
Developmental Processes
Provide a framework for describing and understanding an individual’s development
Nature
The development originates from within us
Nurture
The development comes from our environment and experiences
Theories
John Locke
children are born with a blank slate
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Arnold Gesell
You cannot rush development
Sigmund Freud
personality is formed by 6 years old
Erik Erikson
Behavioral Therories
Skinner’s Operant Conditioning
Development consists of the pattern of behavioral changes brought about by reward and punishment
Rate of Response | ||
|---|---|---|
Response leads Stimulus to be… | Increase and Delivered Positive Reinforcement: increases behavior by delivering a desired stimulus ex: praise | Decrease and Delivered Positive Punishment: decreases behavior by delivering an aversive stimulus ex: ‘“STOP“ |
Increase and Withdrawn Negative Reinforcement: Increases behavior by removing an aversive stimulus ex: cleaning your room gets your parent to stop nagging | Decrease and Withdrawn Negative Punishment: Decreases behavior by removing a desired stimulus ex: Grounding |
Cognitive Theories
Piaget’s Four Stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor Stage | Preoperational Stage | Concrete Operational Stage | Formal Operational Stage |
|---|---|---|---|
Infant constructs understandings of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with physical actions. Infants go from reflexive, instinctual actions to symbolic | The child begins to represent the world with words and images. This reflects symbolic thinking and advances passed sensory information and physical action | Children can now use reason logically about concrete events and classify objects into different sets | Reasons become more abstract, idealistic, and logical. |
birth - 2yrs | 2-7yrs | 7-11yrs | 11 - adulthood |
Contextual Theories
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory
Children can actively construct their knowledge
social interaction and culture have more important roles
information processing theory
NoteStudied by 21 peopleNoteStudied by 13 peopleNoteStudied by 9 peopleNoteStudied by 72 peopleNoteStudied by 31 peopleNoteStudied by 159 people