ch 3 - cell form & function - 'active recall'

Q: What are the 3 basic components of a cell?
A: Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, extracellular fluid.

Q: What are the components of cytoplasm?
A: Organelles, cytoskeleton, inclusions, cytosol.

Q: What percentage of membrane lipids are phospholipids?
A: 75%

Q: What does amphipathic mean?
A: Has hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail.

Q: What maintains membrane stability?
A: Cholesterol.

Q: What is glycocalyx made of?
A: Glycoproteins & glycolipids.

Q: What are the 3 gated channels?
A: Ligand, voltage, mechanical.

Q: Difference between passive and active transport?
A: Passive = no ATP, down gradient. Active = uses ATP, against gradient.

Q: What is osmosis?
A: Movement of water toward higher solute concentration.

Q: Normal osmolarity of body fluids?
A: 300 mOsm/L.

Q: What happens in hypotonic solution?
A: Cell swells and may lyse.

Q: What happens in hypertonic solution?
A: Cell shrivels (crenates).

Q: How many Na⁺ and K⁺ are moved per cycle?
A: 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in.

Q: How many ATP used per cycle?
A: 1 ATP.

Q: Why is it important?
A: Maintains resting membrane potential & Na gradient.

Q: Define uniport.
A: Moves one solute.

Q: Define symport.
A: Moves 2+ solutes same direction.

Q: Define antiport.
A: Moves 2+ solutes opposite directions.

Q: Where are ribosomes produced?
A: Nucleolus.

Q: What does rough ER do?
A: Synthesizes/modifies proteins.

Q: What does smooth ER do?
A: Lipid synthesis, detox, Ca storage.

Q: What does Golgi do?
A: Packages & sorts proteins.

Q: Function of lysosomes?
A: Intracellular digestion.

Q: Function of peroxisomes?
A: Detox & neutralize free radicals.

Q: Function of mitochondria?
A: Produce ATP.

Q: Which junction seals cells together?
A: Tight junction.

Q: Which resists pulling apart?
A: Desmosome.

Q: Which allows ion passage?
A: Gap junction.

Q: Difference between multipotent and unipotent?
A: Multipotent → multiple cell types. Unipotent → one cell type.