Untitled Flashcards Set

Two major tribes? | Ghassanids and Lakhmids One of the tallest hotels, its structures are designed to resemble the sail of a dhow? | Burj Al Arab Angel who provided Muhammad with revelations from God? | Jibreel/Gabriel al-Ma’mun’s research institute established in 830 in Baghdad? | House of Wisdom First caliph who took power after Muhammad’s death? | Abu Bakr This Umayyad prince fled the Abbasids and established a new home in Spain? | Abd-al-Rahman I Muhammad’s journey to ___ marks year one of the Islamic calendar? | Medina Pillar of Islam that calls for giving alms to the weak and poor? | Zakat One of the most famous monuments of Islamic architecture, this historic palace is located in Spain? | Alhambra Muslim relic that serves as the cornerstone of the Ka’ba? | Black Stone Dynasty that initially commissioned the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem? | Umayyad Europeans believe this golden age scientist developed a method of turning gold out of mercury and sulfur? | Jabir (Abu Musa Jabir ibn Hayyan al-Azdi) First four caliphs that ruled from 632 to 661? | Rightly guided caliphs Devices used to raise water for irrigation? | Water mills The ___ conquest of the Middle East brought an end to the golden age in Islam? | Mongol Islamic holy site within the Grand Mosque in Mecca; served as a shrine for previous Zoroastrian worshippers? | Ka’ba The gem of Islam? | Baghdad The cave of ___ where Muhammad received revelations? | Hira Often served in place of an absent or disinterested caliph? | Vizier This holy book is said to communicate God’s word to the world? | Qur’an The mountain where Muhammad received his religious experiences? | Jabal-al-Nour (Mountain of Light) Two primary branches of Islamic faith? | Sunni and Shia / Sunni and Shi’ite Paper-making was introduced during this Middle Eastern dynasty’s reign? | Umayyad Century that marks the beginning of the Islamic Renaissance/Golden Age? | 8th Known as the supplementary text to the Qur’an? | Hadith Muhammad was raised within a ___ family led by his uncle? | Bedouin Name the father of chemistry? | Jabir (Abu Musa Jabir ibn Hayyan al-Azdi) Term that means submission to the will of God? | Islam Age of ignorance before Islam? | Jahiliyya Attempt to achieve a union with God or another divine belief? | Mysticism The Qur’an describes the arrival of Islam as a restoration of the religion of ___? | Abraham Early translation works largely focused on textbooks on medicine and ___? | Astronomy With the ascension of the Abbasids, the capital shifted to ___? | Baghdad Abbasid government called itself Dawlah or ___? | New era Islamic holy law written in the centuries after Muhammad? | Sharia Qur’an is written using what type of framework? | Poetry Philosopher of the Arabs? | Al-Kindi Shortly prior to Islam, what was the dominant religion? | Zoroastrianism Two major powers that dominated the Middle Eastern world? | Sassanian and Byzantine This Middle Eastern dynasty established the first state-run paper mill in the Middle East? | Abbasids Who wrote the Book of Optics? | Ibn al-Haytham A phrase found throughout the Qur’an that means “in the name of God, the merciful, the compassionate”? | Basmallah Jewel of the Christian world, later became Istanbul? | Constantinople Leader who overthrew the Umayyads and established the Abbasid dynasty/caliphate? | Abu’l Abbas Name of the anti-Umayyad group consisting of non-Arab converts to Islam? | Mawali 13th-century Catholic philosopher inspired by golden age philosophers before him? | St. Thomas Aquinas Turkey’s turquoise coast is the setting for this type of excursion? | Blue cruise Muslim troops were definitively pushed out of France as a result of this battle in 732? | Battle of Tours Origins of this sweet are difficult to determine, but they were popular within the Ottoman Imperial palace? | Turkish delight Highly influential first wife of Muhammad? | Khadija