Structuralism: introspection to reveal the structure of human mind

Functionalism: how mental + behavioral processes function (adapt, survive, flourish)

Behaviorism: observe people’s behavior - respond, react, learn in situations (objective)

Humanistic psych: current environment can nurture or limit personal growth, understand the love + acceptance needs

Clinical psych: study, asses, and treat people with psychological disorders

Introspection: asking question in regards to their experience in things to understand inner thoughts (unreliable)

Evolutionary psych: explore contributions of biology + experiences; evolution of behavior + mind

Psych: science of behavior + mental process

Psychiatry: deal with psychological disorders, prescribe drugs to treat physical causes, licenses medic

Community psych: how people interact in social environment + impact of social institutions; develop healthy environment for all

Wundt: create 1st psychology lab + experiment - press key as soon as you hear the sound (1st round) + consciously aware + press key (second round - faster times)

James: exploration of the functions of emotion, habit, memory, willpower, consciousness (functionalism)

Tichtner: introspection + structuralism

Hindsight bias: tendency to believe after learning the outcome (1 knew it all along phenomena)

Critical thinking: examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden values, evaluate evidence, asses conclusions

Theory: explanation using an integrated set of principles that organize observation + predict behavior

Hypothesis: testable prediction; implied by theory

Operational definition: carefully worded statement of exact procedures used in research

Double blind procedure: research participants + staff are ignorant about who receives the treatment or placebo

Control Group: didn’t get the treatment; used to compared to other groups

Mode: more frequently occurring score

Range: difference between highest and lowest values

Statistical significance: statistical statement of how likely the result was by chance

Intuition: effortless, immediate, automatic feeling/thought; contrast conscious reasoning

Replication: doing it multiple times

Case study: analysis of individual

Survey: asking people questions; obtain self reported attitudes/behaviors; random sampling

Population: entirety of the sample/subjects

Random sample: choosing randomly to avoid sampling bias

Naturalistic observation: watching or recording natural behavior

Placebo effect: result cause by expectation - think they got the treatment

Independent variable: factor manipulates; variable whose effect is being studied

Median: middle score

Standard deviation: how much scores vary/deviate

Debrief: post experimental explanation of the study to participants

Longitudinal study: research with same people over a long period of time

Correlation: extent to which 2 factors vary together + predict the other

Correlation coefficient: statistical index of the relationship between 2 things (-1.00-+1.00)

Scatterplots:

Illusory correlation: recall confirming instances for relationships; illusion to control illusion that uncontrollable events correlate with our actions

Experiment: research method where one manipulates +1 factor to observe effect

Random assignment: assign randomly; minimize difference in groups

Experimental group: research participants who got the treatment

Dependent variable: outcome is measured; variable may change when independent variable changed

Mean: average

Normal curve: bell shaped curve

Regression toward the mean: tendency for extent sources/events to regress to average/nirmal

Informed consent: giving potential subjects enough info about the study to let them choose