KS3 History Vocabulary

Decade: A period of exactly $10$ years.
Century: A period of exactly $100$ years.
Millennium: A period of exactly $1000$ years.
Chronological: A method of organizing events in the specific order in which they occurred.
Dark Ages: The historical period in Britain between the departure of the Romans in AD $410$ and the year $1066$ .
Medieval: The historical period spanning from the Norman Conquest in $1066$ until the year $1485$ .
Early Modern: The historical period beginning with the arrival of the Tudors in $1485$ and ending at approximately $1800$ .
Modern: The historical period extending from approximately $1800$ to the present day.
Note on Centuries: There is a distinction between the numerical year and the century name. For example, the year $1348$ is in the $1300s$ , but it is technically part of the $14^{th}$ century.

Monarch: A king or queen who serves as the ruler of a country.
Divine Right of Kings: The specific religious and political belief that a king or queen receives their authority to rule directly from God.
Constitutional Monarchy: A system of government where a king or queen derives their authority from the people. This rule is often regulated by a parliament and/or a constitution, which is a written set of rules.
Democracy: A system of government in which the people have a say in how the country is managed, typically through the process of voting for a representative.
Republic: A form of government in which there is no monarch. A historical example of this occurred in England under the leadership of Cromwell.
Emperor: An individual who rules over an Empire, which is defined as a geographical area comprising more than one country.

Cause: An event, action, or condition that brings about a specific result.
Consequence: An event or outcome that happens specifically as a result of something else.
Change: The process of making something different or becoming different over time.
Continuity: The state of remaining the same or continuing without essential change.
Short-term: Refers to something occurring over or involving a relatively brief period of time, such as $1$ year.
Long-term: Refers to something occurring over or involving a relatively lengthy period of time, such as a full century ( $100$ years).
Economic: Relates specifically to money, the production of goods, and the management of resources.
Political: Relates to the government and the various decisions it makes for a country.
Social: Relates to the specific type of society or the mechanics of how a society functions.
Religious: Relates to religion and systems of faith, with examples such as Christianity and Islam.
Scientific: Relates to the field of science, characterized by being based on evidence rather than relying on belief or superstition.

Source: An original piece of evidence that originates from the specific time period being investigated.
Interpretation: A method or way of explaining a set of historical facts, most often written by a historian looking back at the past.
Fact: Information that is known or has been proved to be true, such as a specific date (e.g., $1066$ ).
Opinion: A subjective view or judgement formed about something, rather than a proven fact.
Inference: The process of learning something from a source that goes beyond the literal surface details of what is written or shown; it is what the source suggests or implies.
Useful: The specific way in which a source can assist a historian during an enquiry. This is typically determined by analyzing the source's content and its provenance.
Content: The literal information that is written or the imagery that is shown within a historical source.
Provenance: Information regarding the background or origin of a source. Historically, this is analyzed using the NOP framework.
NOP (Nature, Origin, Purpose): * Nature: Identifies the type of source, such as a letter, a painting, a diary, or a speech. * Origin: Identifies who created the source, as well as when and where it was produced. * Purpose: Identifies the reason why the source was created in the first place.