L2-Displacement and Velocity

Page 1: Introduction to Displacement and Velocity

• Cartoon reference to kicking Odie illustrates the concept of displacement

• Lecture on Displacement and Velocity by DPM Davis

• Date of lecture: January 29, Wednesday

Page 2: Einstein's View on Science

• Quote by Albert Einstein: "The whole of science is nothing more than a refinement of everyday thinking."

Page 3: Course Syllabus - PHYS 111

Learning Goals

• Addresses General Education Program (GEP) competency in Scientific and Quantitative Reasoning

• Focuses on:

  • Understanding and using scientific methods for inquiry and problem-solving

  • Organizing and interpreting data about natural or behavioral phenomena

By the end of the semester, students should be able to:

1. Reason with definitions of distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration both qualitatively and quantitatively.

2. Create and interpret various motion graphs.

3. Solve one-dimensional and two-dimensional motion problems.

4. Identify forces and draw free-body diagrams.

5. Apply Newton's laws of motion.

6. Use equilibrium conditions to find unknown forces and torques.

7. Apply conservation of energy to energy transfer problems.

8. Employ the first law of thermodynamics and ideal gas law to thermal processes.

9. Understand fluid pressure and Archimedes' principle.

Page 4: Today's Learning Goals

• Define and differentiate:

  • Position, displacement, and velocity

• Describe motion with these definitions

• Understand average vs instantaneous velocity

• Interpret position-vs-time and velocity-vs-time graphs

Page 5: Coordinate System

• Position is described using coordinates.

• Examples of positions:

  • A cow at x = -5 miles

  • A car at x = +4 miles

Page 6: Describing Position

• Positions to the right and left of origin are denoted as:

  • x > 0: position to right of origin

  • x < 0: position to left of origin

• Variables for

  • x: position

  • Velocity and acceleration graphs presented

Page 7: Distance Travelled Problem

• Scenario: Man walks from x = -2 m to x = -6 m and back to x = 5 m

• Identify total distance travelled with answer options:

  • A. -6 m, B. 2 m, C. 5 m...

Page 8: Displacement Problem

• Same scenario applied to calculate displacement

• Options are the same as in previous question.

Page 9: Measuring Distance and Displacement

• Comparison of odometer (measures distance) and speedometer

• Engaging example illustrating how kicking Odie depicts the idea of displacement.

Page 10: Motion Diagram Question

• Question on identifying the motion diagram of various physical movements:

  • Options include: skating, airplane landing, car pulling away, or ball bouncing

Page 11: Motion Diagram and Particle Model

• Motion diagram showing a car stopping

• Particle model representing the same action. Each frame's timing is consistent.

Page 12: Spacecraft Landing Motion Diagram

• Quiz question on identifying motion diagrams that denote a spacecraft landing.

Page 13: Comparative Speed Diagram

• Determine which of two cars (A or B) is faster based on motion frames:

  • Options: A, B, same speed, or cannot tell.

Page 14: Understanding Average Velocity

• Discussion on average velocity:

  • Direction indicated by sign (+ve or -ve)

  • Positives assigned to right and upward movements

  • SI unit: meters per second (m/s)

  • Distinction between velocity and speed emphasized.

Page 15: Average Velocity Calculation Problem

• Two time points given to calculate average velocity and speed:

  • x at t = 12s (25m) and t = 17s (20m)

Page 16: Motion with Constant Speed

• Movement description from one position to a new position at a constant speed and calculating position after a time interval.

Page 17: Motion to the Left

• Similar to previous page, but in the opposite direction and with speed.

Page 18: Identifying Positive Velocity

• Quiz question where students select situations representing positive velocity from given options.

Page 19: Analyzing Negative Velocity

• Quiz query about conclusions from a negative velocity.

Page 20: Average Speed Calculation

• Problem to find average speed based on different segments of travel.

Page 21: Review of Slope

• Visual aids showing graph slopes and the implications of slope direction (positive/negative) using a graphing activity.

Page 22: Average Velocity Formula

• Defining formula for average velocity as the slope between two points in a graph.

Page 23: Graphing x-t and v-t

• Practice drawing position vs time and velocity vs time graphs based on data points.

Page 24: Position Graph Analysis

• Questions about speed comparison and behaviors between two runners based on x-t graph.

Page 25: Extended Questions on Speed

• Further analysis of runners with focus on v-t graph characteristics.

Page 26: Object Motion Analysis

• Tasks to analyze an object's motion along the x-axis, determining velocity graphs and average velocities.

Page 27: Upcoming Quiz and Important Details

• Reminder of Quiz 1 scheduled:

  • Date and time, availability, submission limits, and instructions.

Page 28: Academic Integrity

• Mention of academic integrity principles and consequences of misconduct at UMBC.

Page 29: Reminders and Upcoming Events

• Homework and quiz schedules along with encouragement to attend lectures and office hours.