(6) Intro Lecture 1 Cultural Considerations, Health Promotion/Disease, Client Teaching

Definition: Culture consists of values shared by a group, passed down through generations.
Subcultures: Have distinct behaviors and ideas different from larger cultural groups.
LGBTQ Patients: Includes individuals identifying as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, etc. Address individuals using their preferred pronouns to enhance healthcare access.
Ableism: Discrimination against people with disabilities; avoids assumptions and directs inquiries towards the patient rather than their companion.
Cultural Competence: Critical for client-centered nursing care to positively influence patient outcomes.

Assessment Importance: Evaluate patients' needs and beliefs for culturally appropriate care.
Communication Variations: Language barriers may require interpreters; use simple and clear language.
Nonverbal Communication: Body language, touching, and eye contact vary; some cultures may find direct eye contact disrespectful.
Personal Space: Varies between cultures; important for therapeutic relationships.
Time Perception: Cultural differences exist regarding punctuality and the significance of time (i.e., present vs. future orientation).
Social Organization: Family structures may differ; understanding non-nuclear families is crucial.
Holistic Therapies: Some cultures rely on holistic approaches alongside biomedical treatments.

Patient Behavior Evaluation: Consider behaviors through the lens of the patient’s culture.
Influence of Beliefs on Treatment: Alignment with patient beliefs is essential for compliance and care acceptance.
Assessment Modifications: Always confirm cultural practices through direct assessments.

Historical Context: Shifted from treating the sick to promoting health.
Disease Risk Factors: Identified by U.S. Department of Public Health; awareness helps develop health promotion initiatives.
- Genetics & Heredity: Influence susceptibility to diseases (e.g., heart disease).
- Gender Differences: Some illnesses are gender-specific (e.g., autoimmune in women).
- Physiological Factors: Body weight and pregnancy impact health risks.
- Environmental Factors: Pollution and chemical exposures can jeopardize health.
- Lifestyle Risks: Poor lifestyle choices increase risk (e.g., tobacco use, diet).
- Age Risks: Screening recommendations vary by age and activities.

Three Levels:
- Primary Prevention: Initiatives to prevent disease (e.g., vaccinations).
- Secondary Prevention: Detection procedures (e.g., screenings) for early intervention.
- Tertiary Prevention: Minimizing the impact of established diseases (e.g., rehab).
Patients' Rights to Healthcare: Expectation of reasonable treatment and prevention in care.
Nursing Rights and Responsibilities: Interactions should ensure mutual respect and participation.

National Health Objective: Collaboration to enhance health, avoid disease, and address health disparities.
Goals: Promote awareness, establish measurable goals, improve health practices, and identify research needs.

Role of Nurses: Providing health education adapted to individual patient needs.
Influencing Factors: Patient's educational level, socio-economic status, cultural background, emotional status, and willingness to learn.
Purpose of Education: Equip patients with information and skills for health maintenance and management (e.g., diabetes education).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge acquisition, e.g., recognizing symptoms of conditions like hypoglycemia.
Affective Domain: Involve feelings and attitudes; e.g., discussing patient's emotions related to health changes.
Psychomotor Domain: Skill acquisition through practice; e.g., demonstrating insulin administration.

Identifying Learning Needs: Assess environment suitability, learning styles, literacy levels, and barriers.
Planning Education: Prioritize goals, tailor material to literacy and age, reduce jargon.
Implementing Learning: Create supportive environments, establish trust through communication, and engage in active dialogue.
Evaluation of Learning: Assess understanding through verbal explanations and return demonstrations; adjust future plans as necessary.

Consistent Application of Nursing Process: Throughout patient education and care, consider cultural aspects and patient preferences for optimal outcomes.