Sem 2 Exam Reviewđź’€
1.
Q: In 1945, what was the original agreement between the Soviet Union and the United States regarding Korea?
A: Hold elections to reunify Korea.
2.
Q: Prisoners of war and local peoples in Southeast Asia affected the Japanese war machine by:
A: Submitting to forced labor.
3.
Q: U.S. President Woodrow Wilson argued most strongly at the Paris Peace Conference for:
A: A League of Nations to prevent future wars.
4.
Q: To address labor shortages during the war, Japan:
A: Brought in Korean and Chinese laborers.
5.
Q: What did Western nations hope to gain by establishing new colonies after 1880?
A: Raw materials for their industries and markets to sell their products.
6.
Q: Churchill compared postwar Soviet policy in Eastern Europe to a(n):
A: Iron curtain.
7.
Q: Industrialization spread rapidly in both Europe and the United States thanks to:
A: Railroads.
8.
Q: The principle of self-determination proved difficult to implement because:
A: The eastern European population was too mixed to draw boundaries along ethnic lines.
9.
Q: What were the main reasons why World War I started?
A: Militarism, Alliance System, Imperialism, Nationalism.
10.
Q: Why did Austria-Hungary declare war on Serbia?
A: The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
11.
Q: The United States sent troops to Vietnam to:
A: Stop the north from controlling the south.
12.
Q: What caused the “Great Fear” of the peasantry at the beginning of the revolution?
A: They feared a foreign army would attack and restore the monarchy.
13.
Q: After World War II, what happened to Germany?
A: Germany was divided between France, Great Britain, U.S.A., and the Soviet Union to administer.
14.
Q: Why did Germany attack the Soviet Union, its former ally?
A: Desire for the Soviets’ riches.
15.
Q: Nazi leaders who developed and carried out crimes against humanity:
A: Were tried for their crimes in Nuremberg, Germany.
16.
Q: Reflecting Enlightenment thought, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen proclaimed:
A: An end to aristocratic privileges.
17.
Q: World War I was a war of attrition. What does this mean?
A: Wearing down the enemy with constant attacks but causing heavy loss of life.
18.
Q: The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki:
A: Ended war in the Pacific.
19.
Q: Citizens of the colonies probably preferred indirect rule over direct rule because:
A: There would be fewer changes to their way of life.
20.
Q: What did trench warfare cause?
A: Stalemate on the Western Front.
21.
Q: How did the use of forced labor cause problems for Germany?
A: It disrupted industrial production in occupied countries that could have helped Germany.
22.
Q: Japan seized Manchuria and north China because:
A: Japan needed raw materials for its industries.
23.
Q: Why did coal production expand greatly during the Industrial Revolution?
A: Coal was needed to produce iron and to run steam engines.
24.
Q: The purpose of bombing cities in World War II was to:
A: Frighten civilians and weaken morale.
25.
Q: At the end of World War II, which country refused to end its colonial rule in Vietnam?
A: France.
26.
Q: Civil war broke out in Russia after World War I because:
A: Many people opposed the Bolshevik government.
27.
Q: The victims of the Holocaust included large numbers of:
A: European Jews.
28.
Q: The Marshall Plan was designed to:
A: Restore the economic stability of European nations after World War II.
29.
Q: Why did the assembly line make goods less expensive to buy?
A: More goods could be produced in the same amount of time, so they cost less to make.
30.
Q: What did Russia lose when they signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk to leave WWI?
A: Eastern Poland, Ukraine, Finland, and the Baltic provinces.
31.
Q: Europeans were interested in West Africa especially for its:
A: Raw materials.
32.
Q: The economic crisis that triggered the French Revolution was caused by:
A: Bad harvests and a slowdown in manufacturing.
33.
Q: The Berlin Wall was erected in order to:
A: Stop the flow of refugees from East Germany.
34.
Q: What was the strategy behind the Schlieffen Plan?
A: First defeat France; second attack Russia.
35.
Q: The “second front” on the beaches at Normandy in France allowed the Allies to:
A: Attack Germany from the west at the same time as from the east.
36.
Q: What was the racist attitude that existed during the Age of Imperialism in which Western nations thought it was their duty to bring their ideas of civilization to other areas?
A: White Man’s Burden.
37.
Q: The major immediate cause of the Great Rebellion (Mutiny) was:
A: A rumor that rifle cartridges were greased with cow fat and pig fat.
38.
Q: The Warsaw Pact sought to:
A: Create a military alliance between the Soviet Union and various Eastern European nations.
39.
Q: Petroleum became important because:
A: Internal-combustion engines ran on it.
40.
Q: The Battle of Stalingrad was a crushing defeat for Germany because:
A: The entire Sixth Army, considered the best of the German troops, surrendered.
41.
Q: The Truman Doctrine promised to:
A: Give economic aid to countries threatened by communism.
42.
Q: The U.S. experience was quite different from that of the other major powers because:
A: The United States was not fighting on its own territory.
43.
Q: Karl Marx explained his socialist theory in his book:
A: Communist Manifesto.
44.
Q: Iwo Jima was important to the Allies because:
A: Japan used airfields on the island to support its naval forces.
45.
Q: During the Cuban missile crisis, Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles from Cuba if the United States would:
A: Not invade Cuba.
46.
Q: Germany was especially opposed to Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles because it:
A: Held Germany (and Austria) responsible for the war and required reparations.
47.
Q: Why is Henry Ford an important figure in the industrialization of America?
A: Mass production using the assembly line, keeping cost low and creating a quality product.
48.
Q: How did the Potsdam Conference show Stalin’s true intentions for eastern European nations after the war?
A: Stalin planned to create pro-Soviet governments to prevent future western aggression.
49.
Q: Hitler wanted to dominate other countries because he believed:
A: Germany’s people were superior to everyone else.
50.
Q: Why was the Battle of Midway Island the turning point in the war in the Pacific?
A: The Japanese lost too many aircraft carriers and elite pilots.
51.
Q: Japan created the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere to:
A: Exploit the resources of its colonies for its war machine.
52.
Q: What was the result of the Battle of Britain?
A: The British air force rebuilt its strength and Hitler cancelled his invasion of Britain.
53.
Q: As a result of World War II, what international organization was created to help maintain peace?
A: United Nations.
54.
Q: Harry S. Truman authorized dropping the atomic bomb on Japan because:
A: He thought an invasion would kill too many U.S. troops.
55.
Q: One reason Great Britain led the way in the Industrial Revolution was that it:
A: Had a lot of money and natural resources.
56.
Q: How did industrialization create new social classes as well as the conditions for the development of socialism?
A: Bad working conditions created a working class and led reformers to suggest socialism to equalize the wealth and control working conditions.
57.
Q: Hitler was confident that the European states that had signed the Treaty of Versailles would:
A: Not mobilize their military to enforce it.
58.
Q: The United States and Great Britain believed that the liberated nations of Eastern Europe should:
A: Hold free elections to determine their futures.
59.
Q: The Soviet blockade of West Berlin was intended to:
A: Halt the creation of a West German state.
60.
Q: What were two specific acts that caused Americans to want to become involved in WWI?
A: Zimmerman Telegram & Sinking of the Lusitania
61.
Q: Which event led the United States to enter World War II?
A: Bombing of Pearl Harbor.
62.
Q: Because it could not govern effectively after the Reign of Terror, the Directory had to:
A: Rely upon the military to enforce its authority.
63.
Q: What was the primary reason that caused the United States to declare war against Germany?
A: Unrestricted submarine warfare.
64.
Q: The United States carried on an “island-hopping campaign” in order to:
A: Get close enough to mainland Japan to take over.
65.
Q: The pitiful working and living conditions created by the factory system:
A: Created the socialist movement.
66.
Q: Production in large amounts, usually by machinery, is known as:
A: Mass production.
67.
Q: In total war, governments were able to control:
A: Economies and resources within their own countries.
68.
Q: The United States considered Cuba a threat because:
A: Cuba, which was only 90 miles away, had ties with the Soviets.
69.
Q: After WWI was over, what happened to all the lands Russia gave to Germany?
A: The land was created into independent nations based on ethnic groups.
70.
Q: The Russians defeated Napoleon’s Grand Army by:
A: Retreating hundreds of miles and burning their own villages and countryside.
71.
Q: The strip of territory that separated the troops from each other was known as:
A: No-man’s-land.
72.
Q: What was the Cold War?
A: The 20th-century conflict between the United States and Soviet Union.
73.
Q: What was the Paris Peace Accords?
A: The agreement that ended the Vietnam War.
74.
Q: What was the Bay of Pigs?
A: A failed CIA attempt to overthrow the Cuban government.
75.
Q: What was the Arms Race?
A: The strategy that built up USA and USSR nuclear arsenals.
76.
Q: What are Proxy Wars?
A: The USSR and USA fighting other wars instead of each other directly.
77.
Q: What is genocide?
A: The deliberate mass murder of a particular racial group.
78.
Q: What was Auschwitz?
A: Hitler’s largest extermination center in Poland.
79.
Q: What was the “Final Solution”?
A: The plan to exterminate the Jewish population.
80.
Q: What were ghettos in the context of the Holocaust?
A: A district in a city in which Jews were required to live.
81.
Q: What were the Einsatzgruppen?
A: German SS mobile death squads in Russia.
82.
Q: What was blitzkrieg?
A: Lightning war made up of Panzer divisions.
83.
Q: What was the Munich Conference?
A: Allowed German occupation of Czechoslovakia’s Sudetenland.
84.
Q: What is appeasement?
A: Satisfying reasonable demands in exchange for peace.
85.
Q: What was the Rome-Berlin Axis?
A: Alliance between Mussolini and Hitler.
86.
Q: What was the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact?
A: Alliance between Hitler and Stalin.
87.
Q: What was the Manhattan Project?
A: Secret, atomic bomb program of the United States.
88.
Q: What was the Battle of the Bulge?
A: Last major German offensive of the war.
89.
Q: What was the Battle of Leningrad?
A: 900-day siege in which an estimated 1.5 million civilians died.
90.
Q: What was the Blitz (in WWII)?
A: Heavy German bombing raids on British cities.
91.
Q: What were kamikaze?
A: Japanese suicide pilots used against Allied warships.
92.
Q: What was the Estates-General?
A: The French parliament.
93.
Q: Who were the bourgeoisie?
A: The French middle class.
94.
Q: What was the taille?
A: A land tax that hurt the Third Estate the most.
95.
Q: What was the First Estate?
A: Social class made up of French clergy.
96.
Q: What was the National Assembly?
A: Name taken by the Third Estate with the promise to draft a new constitution.
97.
Q: Who was Klemens von Metternich?
A: Most influential leader at Congress of Vienna.
98.
Q: What is nationalism?
A: Unique cultural identity of a people.
99.
Q: Who was the Duke of Wellington?
A: Led British and Prussian armies’ defeat of Napoleon.
100.
Q: What is conservatism?
A: Belief in tradition and social stability.
101.
Q: What is liberalism?
A: Belief that people should be free from government restraint.
102.
Q: Who was Galileo?
A: Threatened the Church’s conception of the universe in his book The Starry Messenger.
103.
Q: Who was William Harvey?
A: Discovered the heart’s ability to circulate blood and how blood vessels worked.
104.
Q: Who was Isaac Newton?
A: Discovered the force of gravity and its effects on planetary orbits.
105.
Q: Who was Robert Boyle?
A: The Father of chemistry and the laws of gases.
106.
Q: Who was Edward Jenner?
A: Introduced the vaccine to prevent smallpox using cowpox.
107.
Q: Who made up the Triple Entente?
A: France, Great Britain, and Russia.
108.
Q: What was the Black Hand?
A: Serbian terrorist group.
109.
Q: What is mobilization?
A: Process of assembling troops and supplies for war.
110.
Q: What is conscription?
A: Military draft.
111.
Q: Who made up the Triple Alliance?
A: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
112.
Q: Who was Franklin Roosevelt?
A: Leader of the U.S.A.
113.
Q: Who was Joseph Stalin?
A: Leader of the Soviet Union.
114.
Q: Who was Winston Churchill?
A: Leader of Great Britain.
115.
Q: Who was Benito Mussolini?
A: Leader of Italy.
116.
Q: Who was Adolf Hitler?
A: Leader of Germany.
117.
Q: Who were the Boers?
A: Dutch descendants who settled in South Africa.
118.
Q: Who were the Zulu?
A: Indigenous people from Africa who fought against colonization.
119.
Q: What was Ethiopia’s status during Imperialism?
A: Remained independent during Imperialism.
120.
Q: Who was Leopold II?
A: Exploited the Congo for rubber and other natural resources.
121.
Q: Who was Cecil Rhodes?
A: Wanted to establish British colonies from “the Cape to Cairo”.
122.
Q: Who was Adam Smith?
A: Best known for endorsing the free enterprise economy in his book Wealth of Nations.
123.
Q: Who was William Wilberforce?
A: Led the British abolitionist movement and stopped the slave trade in England.
124.
Q: Who was Voltaire?
A: Believed in religious toleration and challenged the policies of the Catholic Church.
125.
Q: Who was Jean Jacques Rousseau?
A: Believed that government should be freely formed by the people and reflect its general will.
126.
Q: Who was Diderot?
A: Used the Encyclopedia to attack religious superstitions.