Equations

Unit 1

1.1

Total cost:

Total cost = total fixed costs + total variable costs

Total variable cost:

Total variable cost = quantity sold * cost per unit

Revenue:

Revenue = price * quantity

Profit:

Profit= total revenue - total costs

Average Unit cost:

Average Unit cost = Total costs / output

Unit 5

5.1

Break even point(from break even chart):

when total revenue = total costs

Profit/loss(from break even chart):

total revenue - total costs

Margin of Safety:

Margin of Safety = actual/budgeted output - break even point

Unit 6

Unit 6

6.1

Net cash flow:

Net cash flow = total cash inflows - total cash outflows in a given period

Opening balances:

Opening balances = closing balance of the previous period

Closing balances:

Closing balance = opening balance + net cash flow


6.3

Average rate of return:

Average rate of return(%) = average annual profit * (total profit / number of years) * 100 / cost of investment

6.4

Gross profit:

Gross profit = sales revenue - cost of sales

Operating profit:

Operating profit = gross profit - overheads

Net profit:

Net profit = gross profit - overheads, tax and interest

Net profit margin:
Net profit margin = (net profit / sales revenue) * 100

Net current assets:

Net current assets = total current assets - total current liabilities

Net assets:
Net assets = non-current assets + net current assets - non-current liabilities

Total equity:

Total equity = value of net assets

Market share:

Market share = (sales of one product/brand/business / total sales of market as a whole) * 100

Market size:

Market size = the total volume of sales of a product OR total value of sales of a product