★ ESSENTIAL READING SKILLS ★

1. Text and Discourse 

   1. Text: 

      1. It is a group of ideas put together, to create one main topic.

   2. Discourse:

      1. It is an extended expression of thoughts and ideas. 

   3. Text as connected discourse  

      1. It is discourse put together. It makes up text. All discourse must be related to express only one main idea. 

2. Basic skills of reading 

   1. Rapid reading:

      1. When doing this, you locate specific information in the text in a short amount of time 

      2. Skimming:

         1. It is a type of rapid reading that looks for the overall meaning of the text.

         2. Focus on transitional words to look for the main idea, as they signal the main idea. The first and last sentence of the paragraph may also include it.

      3. Scanning:

         1. It is a type of rapid reading that looks for specific content in the text. 

         2. Do not read every word, look for only what you need. This can only be done if you are clear about what you’re looking for. 

CHARACTERISTICS OF TEXT

1. Cohesion

2. Coherence 

3. Intentionality

4. Intertextuality 

5. Situationality  

6. Acceptability 

7. Informativity 

THE READING BRAIN

1. Understand the symbols 

2. Recognize the relationship between symbols and sounds

3. Interpret what they see 

4. Follow linear, logical, and grammatical patterns of written words 

5. Relate the understood words with meanings 

6. Make inferences from what you already have and evaluate the material

7. Remember past learnings and incorporate new ideas and facts

8. Put everything together to make sense of the material 

THE READING PROCESS

1. Pre-reading

   1. Activating your schema. 

2. Through reading 

   1. Keep on reading the text until you understand the information.

3. Post reading 

   1. Evaluating your understanding of the text.