Cell Biology(Cell Structure)
In bacterial cells, which structures provide protection and rigidity, but unlike plants, are made from peptidoglycan? Cell Wall
In plant cells, what is the structure in which photosynthesis takes place, providing food for the plant? Chloroplasts
Which pigment harvests the light needed for photosynthesis and also makes plants green? Chlorophyll
What term refers to the structures within a cell, such as the cell membrane, mitochondria, and ribosomes? Sub-cellular structures
What calculation is used to work out the actual size of an object under a microscope? Image size / magnification
By what process do root hair cells take up water? Osmosis
In plant cells, which structure is found within the cytoplasm, helps maintain turgor for rigidity, and contains cell sap? Permanent Vacuole
Which animal cell is specialised to transmit electrical signals quickly? Nerve Cells/Neurons
What sugar is transported in the phloem(the living vascular tissue in plants responsible for transporting organic nutrients) during translocation? Sucrose
In plant cells, which structure is made from cellulose and provides strength and protection for the cells? Cell Wall
What plant cell is specialised to distribute the products of photosynthesis by translocation? Phloem Cell
Which type of microscope has a maximum magnification of around x2000 and a resolving power of about 200 nm? Light
What type of microscope uses electrons, creates 20 images, has a magnification of up to about x2000000, and a resolving power of ~0.2 nm? Transmission Electron
What type of microscope uses electrons, creates 3D images, has a magnification of up to about x2000000, and a resolving power of ~10 nm? Scanning Electron
What is the name for the single large DNA loop found in bacteria? Chromosomal DNA
In bacterial cells, which structure controls the cell’s activities and is a long circular strand of DNA that floats in the cytoplasm? Chromosomal DNA
What is the site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells? Mitochondria
In animal and plant cells, what is the structure where protein synthesis occurs, often found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum? Ribosomes
What type of cells are bacterial cells, which are much smaller, containing a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, a single strand of DNA, and plasmids? Prokaryotic
Which plant cells is specialised to take up water by osmosis and mineral ions by active transport? Root Hair Cell
Which plant cells is specialised to take up water by osmosis and mineral ions up from the roots? Xylem Cell
In animal and plant cells, which structure controls what enters and leaves the cell? Cell Membrane
What molecule forms most bacterial cell walls? Pepitdoglycan
In bacterial cells, which structures are small loops of extran DNA that can be transferred between bacteria? Plasmids
Which animal cell is specialised to carry male DNA? Sperm Cell
Which animal cell is specialised to contract quickly to cause movement? Muscle Cell
In animal and plant cells, which structure contains DNA coding for proteins needed to build new cells? Nucleus
Which polymer are plant cell walls made from? Cellulose
What type of cells are found in animals and plants and contain a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus containing DNA? Eukaryotic
Name the pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll
In animal and plant cells, which structure is a liquid substance in which many chemical reactions occur, and contains enzymes? Cytoplasm
What is the function of ribosomes? Protein synthesis
In animal and plant cells, what is the structure in which aerobic respiration occurs, releasing energy for the cell? Mitochondria