Physic study yr 10

Define the different types of energy, including formula Kinetic Gravitational Potential Elastic Potential	Kinetic Energy (KE): The energy of a moving object. Formula:Ke=mv^2 = mass (kg), = velocity (m/s) Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE): Energy stored due to an object's height above the ground. Formula: mgh = mass (kg), = gravitational field strength (9.8 m/s²), = height (m) Elastic Potential Energy (EPE): Energy stored in stretched or compressed elastic materials. Formula: = spring constant (N/m), = extension or compression (m)
Identify the transfer and transformations that occur in systems	Transfer: Energy moves from one object to another (e.g., heat moving from a stove to a pot). Transformation: Energy changes from one form to another (e.g., chemical energy in fuel to kinetic energy in a car).
State the law of conservation of energy	Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.
Relates transfer and transformation of energy to the law of conservation of energy	In any system, the total energy before and after transformations remains the same, but some may be converted into less useful forms, such as heat
Define useful and wasted energy	Useful energy: The energy that performs the intended task. Wasted energy: Energy lost to the surroundings, often as heat or sound.
Describe a technology that improves energy efficiency.	LED lights: Convert more electrical energy into light rather than heat, reducing energy waste.
Calculate efficiency of energy transfers
Electrical Current, voltage, and resistance
State what is meant by voltage, including the units	The energy per charge that drives current through a circuit. (Unit: Volts, V)
State what is meant by current, including the units	The flow of electric charge. (Unit: Amperes, A)
State what is meant by resistance, including the units	The opposition to the flow of current. (Unit: Ohms, Ω)
Describe how resistance affects the flow of current	Higher resistance decreases current flow. Lower resistance increases current flow.
Draw and set up a simple series circuit.
Read measurements of voltage and current using a correct scale.
Describe voltage, current and resistance using an analogy. (Water in a river)	Voltage: Water pressure. Current: Flow rate of water. Resistance: Rocks and sand in the river slowing down the flow.
Define AC and DC electricity	AC (Alternating Current): Changes direction alternate back and forth (e.g., household electricity). DC (Direct Current): Flows in one direction (e.g., batteries).
Describe the benefits and disadvantages of both AC and DC	AC: Easily transmitted over long distances, but requires transformers. DC: More efficient for electronics but harder to transport over long distances.