Summing It Up

Morphology Concepts

• Types of morphemes:

  • Free vs Bound

  • Lexical vs Functional

  • Types of Morphemes:

    • Derivational

    • Inflectional

Morph Identification

• Example Morph Classification:

  • discuss → {discuss}, {ion}, {s}

  • Analyze sentence examples and classify.

Word Formation Processes

• Examples:

  1. asap (as soon as possible) - Back Formation

  2. decaf (decaffeinated) - Clipping

  3. burgle (burglar) - Back Formation

  4. bookmark (mark) - Compound

  5. healthy (health) - Derivation

  6. Oxbridge (Oxford, Cambridge) - Blending

Syntax Tree Diagrams

• Sentence Breakdown:

  • Example: "The dog bit the thief."

  • S = NP + VP

  • NP: D + N

  • Rules are explicit and comprehensive in structure.

Phrase Structure Rules

• Basic structures:

  • S → NP VP

  • NP → Det N

  • VP → V AdvP

  • AdvP → Adv

Note on Sentence Structure

• Example sentences and syntax trees illustrate grammatical structures.

• Analyze sentences such as:

  • "The girl feeds the dog."

  • "Some children ran toward the trees."

Morph Analysis Example

• Analyze words into morphs:

• Example: "inequality"

  • Prefix: in-

  • Root: equal

  • Suffix: -ity

• Additional examples include:

  • a.hospitalization

  • b.uninteresting

  • c.undercooked

  • d.transcontinental

Recommended Word Formation Processes

• Discuss various linguistic formations:

  • Acronym

  • Clipping

  • Blending

Etymology Insight

• Example of asymmetry: Etymology reflects its origin from Ancient Greek.

Inflectional Suffix Example Passage

• Analyze the provided passage and label the inflectional suffixes:

  • Terms include 'should', 'took', 'bringing', etc.

Column Matching Exercise

• Pair the words from Column A with their formation processes from Column B:

  • a. stagflation → stagnation + inflation (Blending)

  • b. bookie → bookmaker (Clipping)

Homonyms

• Homonyms: Two or more words with the same form and pronunciation that are unrelated in meaning

  Examples:
  bank (of a river)

  bank (financial institution)

mole (on skin)

mole (small animal)

pupil (at school)

pupil (in the eye)

race (contest of speed)

race (ethnic group)

• Homonyms are words that have separate histories and meanings, but have accidently come to have exactly the same form and pronunciation .

Polysemy

• Polysemy: Two words or more with the same form and pronunciation, and with related meanings.

Examples:

• Head = the object on top of your body

• Head = the person at the top of a company or department.