western civ ppl

Sparta had oligarchy, 2 kings one for war one for home athens was direct democracy

Socrates - philosopher

Pericles - politician 

Socrates - unexamined life is not worth living, killed himself because he couldn't teach people anymore because he “corrupted youth”

Socratic method - questioning

Pericles - funeral oration athens: soldiers have died in vain, what athenians need to do in order to make sure their democracy is gonna flourish, proud of where we are should continue it

Plato = theory of forms, humans can't see truth like love and happiness but can see examples of it, allegory of the cave

Peloponnesian war signaled the end of athenian superiority and the beginning of the demise of greek civilization because athens gained too much power after the Persian wars, athens was accused of taking funds from the delian league

Alexander the great united greek and persian ideas and culture, great general who took territories in greece, hellenistic culture

After alexander died it was fought over by many generals and broken up because he did not name a successor of the mediterranean 

Roman law outlined by the 12 tables, a lot of rights that the romans had we still have today

Plebeians served in the tribune

Rome defeated carthage in the punic wars, scipio africanus and hannibal, gained control over the mediterranean sea, control over trade

Gracchi brothers were both killed by their enemies for attempting political reform, increase in political violence no peaceful transfer of power = roman downfall

Populares, gained control in rome with private armies because they were famous generals since they promised land if they fought in the Punic Wars not loyal to roman state

No land = no citizenship = no voting rights

Circus maximus is a racing track, colosseum is a gladiator arena, aqueducts transported water

Augustus caesar was the first emperor of the roman empire and part of the second triumvirate julius caesar was before him but he was not declared emperor

Triumvirates = civil wars whoever wins out of the 3 people rule

First triumvirate, group of 3 people who ruled rome, Crassus, Pompey, Julius Caesar

Constantine was the first emperor to convert to christianity

Nero laughed as the city burned down and blamed christians, famous for persecuting christians

Augustus caesar presides over the Pax Romana, a period of peace after a long period of instability

Longbows = middle ages
Arete is individual excellence gravitas is self sacrifice for rome

Patricians ran latifundias from land taken or bought from soldiers- slaves = no jobs

Optimates and equites clashing senate groups

Diocletian split roman empire in half

Abrahamic religions, islam, christianity, judaism

Paul spreads christianity

Peter is first pope

Abraham is first prophet

Byzantine empire is the eastern roman empire constantinople is capital

Battle of tours stopped the advance of muslims into modern day france in the 700s

Estates general in france was parliament, legislative body created in england by king edward in the late 13th century to collect taxes

Magna carta = less feudal societies more nations less king power

Italy does not become unified during the renaissance takes a long time

Macievelli the prince made those bold statements end justifies the means better to be feared than loved

Medici family ruled florence, patron of arts

Classical subjects, roman and greek in renaissance art

Raphael painted the school of athens

Northern renaissance is man perfectly

Renaissance is rebirth of greek and roman culture philosophy art and literature