review right before test

• Arterioles: Smaller vessels that branch off arteries and feed into capillary beds

• Venules: smallest vein components that branch off capillary beds and feed into bigger and bigger veins back to the heart

• Pulmonary circuit: Pumps oxygen poor blood from heart to lungs. Involves right side of heart, lungs, pulmonary arteries and veins

• Systemic Circuit: Takes oxygen rich blood from lungs and pumps it to the body. Involves left side of heart, capillaries, vena cavas, aorta

• Coronary Circuit: nourish heart(myocardium) with blood. Involves coronary arteries(supply oxygen rich blood to heart muscle), cardiac veins(drain deoxygenated blood from heart muscle and return it to right atrium to remove waste products from the tissue)

Contraction(systole): Ventricles begin to contract, AV valves close causing lub sound. SL valves are still closed so ventricles build up pressure. 

Ventricular ejection: SL valves open, Right and left ventricles push blood out of body.

Relaxation: Ventricles relax, causing SL valves to close, and cycle to restart.

Gas exchange: diffusion of o2 and co2; in alveoli and blood in the lungs and later blood and body tissue

Lung Capacity: The amount of air that can be held in your lungs

Tidal Volume: TV; the amount of air the comes in and out of your lungs when breathing normally

Inspiratory Reserve Volume: IRV; the maximum amount you can breathe out.

Expiratory Reserve Volume: The amount you can breath out after a tidal volume exhalation

Residual volume: RV; the amount that stays in your lungs to keep alveoli open and stop your lungs from collapsing. 

Vital Capacity: VC; total volume of air that can be exhaled after taking your deepest breath.

1. What is the overall function of the respiratory system and how it works with the cardiovascular system:

Provide oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide are transported through blood vessels.

2. Process of gas exchange in lungs and tissues:

The diffusion of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and blood in the lungs and then later the blood and body tissues

CO2 moves OUT of the blood and INTO the alveoli

O2 moves INTO the blood and OUT of the alveoli

3. The role of the diaphragm

The diaphragm is a muscle that moves the lungs and separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity. 

When we inhale the diaphragm contracts, leaving more room for the lungs to expands, pressure decreases and air flows in.

When we exhale the diaphragm relaxes, lungs return to their normal size, pressure increases, air flows out

4. Explain the relationship between volume, pressure, and air flow.

Volume changes in lungs causes pressure changes which causes air to move

5. Describe how inspiration and expiration work together to allow us to breathe.

Inspiration: Muscles contract, diaphragm lowers, increased volume in thoracic cavity, decreased pressure, air flows in

Expiration: Muscle relaxes, diaphragm rises, decreased volume, increased pressure, air flows out

6. Why we need to be able to breathe to maintain homeostasis.

Oxygen in the alveoli diffuses into the pulmonary capillaries which goes to the heart and body. The oxygen is used for cellular respiration. This gives cells the energy they need to complete daily tasks

7. step-by-step summary of the cardiac cycle

Mid to Late Diastole: Heart is relaxed, blood flows into atria and then passively into the ventricles, Atria contract to push ALL the blood into ventricles