General terminology Nurse Hub

1.
Q: What is the study of body structures called?
A: Anatomy

2.
Q: What is the study of how body parts function?
A: Physiology

3.
Q: What position is used as a reference point for all anatomical terms?
A: Anatomical position (standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward)

4.
Q: What section of the body includes the head, neck, and trunk?
A: Axial section

5.
Q: What section includes the limbs (arms and legs)?
A: Appendicular section

6.
Q: Which body cavity contains the brain?
A: Cranial cavity

7.
Q: Which cavity houses the spinal cord?
A: Vertebral or spinal cavity

8.
Q: The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by what structure?
A: Diaphragm

9.
Q: The thoracic cavity contains which smaller cavities?
A: Pleural, pericardial, and mediastinum

10.
Q: The abdominal cavity primarily contains what organs?
A: Digestive organs

11.
Q: The pelvic cavity primarily contains what organs?
A: Urinary and reproductive organs

12.
Q: What term describes the mouth cavity?
A: Oral cavity

13.
Q: What term describes the cavity housing the eyes?
A: Orbital cavity

14.
Q: What cavity holds the middle ear bones?
A: Middle ear cavity

15.
Q: The nasal cavity contains what structures?
A: Sinuses

16.
Q: What plane divides the body into left and right halves?
A: Sagittal plane

17.
Q: What plane divides the body into front and back sections?
A: Frontal (coronal) plane

18.
Q: What plane divides the body into upper and lower sections?
A: Transverse (horizontal) plane

19.
Q: What term means above another structure?
A: Superior

20.
Q: What term means below another structure?
A: Inferior

21.
Q: What term means toward the front of the body?
A: Anterior or ventral

22.
Q: What term means toward the back of the body?
A: Posterior or dorsal

23.
Q: What term means toward the midline of the body?
A: Medial

24.
Q: What term means away from the midline?
A: Lateral

25.
Q: What term means closer to the trunk of the body?
A: Proximal

26.
Q: What term means farther from the trunk?
A: Distal

27.
Q: What term means toward the surface of the body?
A: Superficial

28.
Q: What term means deeper inside the body?
A: Deep

29.
Q: What term means on the same side of the body?
A: Ipsilateral

30.
Q: What term means on opposite sides of the body?
A: Contralateral

31.
Q: What are the two main body cavities?
A: Dorsal and ventral

32.
Q: What is the function of the diaphragm in body cavities?
A: Separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

33.
Q: What are the four abdominal quadrants?
A: RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

34.
Q: Which quadrant contains the gallbladder?
A: Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

35.
Q: Which quadrant contains the appendix?
A: Right lower quadrant (RLQ)

36.
Q: Which quadrant contains the spleen?
A: Left upper quadrant (LUQ)

37.
Q: Name the nine abdominal regions (top to bottom, left to right).
A: Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac; right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar; right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac

38.
Q: What term means “above the stomach”?
A: Epigastric

39.
Q: What term means “below the stomach”?
A: Hypogastric

40.
Q: What term refers to the lower lateral abdominal regions?
A: Iliac or inguinal regions

41.
Q: What term refers to the low back area?
A: Lumbar region

42.
Q: List the levels of structural organization from simplest to most complex.
A: Atom → Molecule → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism

43.
Q: What is homeostasis?
A: The body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions

44.
Q: What type of feedback reverses a change in a system?
A: Negative feedback

45.
Q: What type of feedback enhances or amplifies a change?
A: Positive feedback

46.
Q: Example of negative feedback in the body?
A: Insulin lowering blood glucose

47.
Q: Example of positive feedback in the body?
A: Labor contractions during childbirth

48.
Q: What organ system includes skin, hair, and nails?
A: Integumentary system

49.
Q: Main functions of the integumentary system?
A: Protection, temperature regulation, waste excretion, vitamin D production

50.
Q: What organ system includes bones, ligaments, and cartilage?
A: Skeletal system

51.
Q: Main functions of the skeletal system?
A: Support, protection, blood cell production, mineral storage

52.
Q: What system allows movement and produces heat?
A: Muscular system

53.
Q: What system includes the brain and spinal cord?
A: Nervous system

54.
Q: Function of the nervous system?
A: Detects changes, interprets sensory info, coordinates response

55.
Q: What system secretes hormones into the bloodstream?
A: Endocrine system

56.
Q: What system returns fluid to the bloodstream and defends against infection?
A: Lymphatic system

57.
Q: Which organs belong to the lymphatic system?
A: Lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, lymph vessels

58.
Q: What system transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste?
A: Cardiovascular system

59.
Q: What system exchanges gases with the environment?
A: Respiratory system

60.
Q: What organs are part of the respiratory system?
A: Lungs, trachea, bronchi, pharynx, larynx

61.
Q: What system breaks down and absorbs nutrients?
A: Digestive system

62.
Q: What organ stores bile?
A: Gallbladder

63.
Q: What system removes wastes and regulates water balance?
A: Urinary system

64.
Q: What are the main organs of the urinary system?
A: Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

65.
Q: What system produces gametes and hormones?
A: Reproductive system

66.
Q: What does the term “brachial” refer to?
A: Arm

67.
Q: What does “antecubital” refer to?
A: Front of the elbow

68.
Q: What does “popliteal” refer to?
A: Back of the knee

69.
Q: What does “crural” refer to?
A: Leg (shin area)

70.
Q: What does “sural” refer to?
A: Calf

71.
Q: What does “patellar” refer to?
A: Kneecap

72.
Q: What does “femoral” refer to?
A: Thigh

73.
Q: What does “inguinal” refer to?
A: Groin

74.
Q: What does “acromial” refer to?
A: Shoulder

75.
Q: What does “lumbar” refer to?
A: Lower back

76.
Q: What does “cephalic” refer to?
A: Head

77.
Q: What does “mental” refer to?
A: Chin

78.
Q: What does “carpal” refer to?
A: Wrist

79.
Q: What does “plantar” refer to?
A: Sole of the foot

80.
Q: What term means heel of the foot?
A: Calcaneal