Exam Review Notes APUSH FINAL EXAM

Image: Native Americans harvesting sugarcane.
Cause: Spread of Spanish influence in the Western Hemisphere.
Demand in Spain for sugar leads to the cultivation by Native Americans.
Deaths of enslaved Native Americans lead to the importation of enslaved Africans, especially in the Caribbean.
Europeans seek new sources of wealth in the Caribbean.

Triangular trade: Trade between Europe, Africa, and North/South America.
New crops from the New World stimulate European economies.
Atlantic economy: Regions focused around the Atlantic Ocean.
Long-lasting economic shifts in Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
Europeans develop new methods for trade and profit (e.g., faster ships, better navigation tools).

Religious diversity due to diverse migration patterns.
Puritans went North. People looking for slave trade profits went South.
Wide variety of people came to the Middle Colonies for diverse reasons.
Middle Colonies face similar challenges in governing diverse colonists after becoming English.
Some historians believe the Middle Colonies should be considered two separate regions due to distinct economic centers in New York and Philadelphia.

Anglican: From England, part of the Church of England (a Protestant religion).
Protestant vs. Catholic: If you're Christian and not Catholic, you're Protestant.
Protestant evangelicalism furthers the Anglicization of the colonies.
First Great Awakening: Spread from Britain to North America.
Transatlantic print culture: Books and ideas spread from Europe to the British colonies.

The Articles of Confederation are replaced due to opposition to economic policies pursued by some state legislatures.
The Constitution is passed due to the agreement to pursue a Bill of Rights.

Antislavery rhetoric is based on the belief that emancipated people would not remain in society.

Britain pays off debts by increasing taxes on goods bought and sold in the colonies.
The war started due to increased competition between France and Britain over colonies.
Proclamation Line of 1763 restricted settlement to minimize conflicts with Native Americans.

Late 1700s, early 1800s, and after the war in 1812 (ends in 1815): Growth of national unity in The United States.
Song Lyrics: Growth of national identity.
Popular image of George Washington as a virtuous leader.

Arguments from John C. Calhoun during the Nullification Crisis are related to the years before the Civil War.
Slaveholders insist that slavery is essential to the South.
Attitudes on both sides of the slavery argument hardened, making political compromise difficult.
Slave rebellions in Haiti, South Carolina, and Virginia increased fear of enslaved African Americans.
Andrew Jackson vetoes the National Bank.
Those who shared Jackson's views opposed federal funding for internal improvements.

Formation of new political parties (e.g., Whig Party, National Republicans, Free Soil, Know-Nothing movement).
Debates over the role of the federal government increased in the early 1800s.
Jackson's policy of using federal authority to forcibly relocate American Indian groups undermined his position of wanting more rights for the states

Expansion of railroads leads to diplomatic ties with foreign nations (e.g. China).
Support for manifest destiny.
Desire for international trade and access to global markets.
People move West to extract resources, leading to the creation of new towns.

New towns increase demand for agricultural goods in the West.
Expansion of the railroad network led to greater access for western farmers to Eastern markets.
Federal government subsidies to railroad corporations allowed for quick expansion.

African American socioeconomic standing improves.
New employment opportunities for African Americans in industrial and defense industries.
Many women experience new economic and social opportunities.