Topic 7

Adolescence refers to the developmental stage from ages 10 to 19.
Derived from the Latin word ‘adolescere’ meaning to grow to maturity.
Pioneered by G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924).
Defined by the WHO as the period between 10 and 19 years.
Cultural variances exist regarding the ages of coming of age, often recognized at 18.

Most children enter puberty between ages 9 and 13.
In the USA, puberty onset typically happens between ages 12 and 14, concluding by ages 19 to 21.
In Australia, girls can start menstruating as early as 8 years old.
The readiness for procreation can start as young as 8 or 9 years old.

Intrapersonal and interpersonal asynchrony observed: sex differences in timing of development.
Issues with self-concept emerge, including body image concerns, eating disorders, and suicidal ideation.
Rapid physical changes can lead to increased self-consciousness and concern related to body image, often characterized by awkwardness.
Most adolescents experience minimal major turmoil despite concurrent changes.

Reading Reference: Herman-Giddens, M.E. (2006).
Tracking secular trends in development aids public health insights.
Notable trend towards earlier sexual maturation in US children, especially noted in girls with menarche.
Racial differences observed, with African-American girls maturing earlier than those of European descent.
More reliable studies needed for boys, as existing data suggest they may also mature earlier.
Earlier development may be linked to environmental issues requiring further investigation.

Definition of a ‘child’.
Understanding development and its significance.
Characteristics and aspects of development.
Various approaches to examining development.
Assessment tools for monitoring physical development.
The nature versus nurture debate.
Overview of developmental stages.
Influence of parental and teacher perspectives on child development.
Typical developmental patterns leading into adulthood, noting that micro-variations are common.
Physical development is canalized and can be asynchronous; it impacts skill acquisition, social development, self-image, and emotional growth.