Acquittal: A legal judgment that officially clears a defendant of criminal charges. 

Active judge: A judge who is currently serving on the bench and hearing cases. 

Administrative Office of the United States Courts: The central support and management agency for the federal judiciary. 

Admissible: Evidence or testimony that is allowed to be presented in court. 

Adversary proceeding: A legal dispute between opposing parties in a court case. 

Affidavit: A written statement confirmed by oath, used as evidence in court. 

Alternate juror: A juror selected to replace a regular juror if they cannot continue. 

Appellant: A person who appeals a court decision to a higher court. 

Appellate: Relating to reviewing or revising the decisions of lower courts. 

Appellee: The party in a legal case who opposes an appeal, typically the one who won in the lower court. 

Arraignment: A court proceeding where a defendant is formally charged and asked to enter a plea. 

Assets: Resources owned by an individual or entity, typically including property or money. 

Capital offense: A crime that is punishable by death. 

Case file: A collection of documents and evidence related to a legal case.