InputOutput1

This chapter provides an overview of the mechanisms for input and output in C++. A namespace is a designated area that contains different identifiers, such as function names, object names, and class names, which helps prevent naming collisions.

This allows the same identifier to exist in different namespaces. At the beginning of your code, you can declare a default namespace with the statement 'using namespace std;'. In the C programming language, text values are represented using arrays of characters, commonly known as character arrays.

You can declare a character array either by using a simple declaration or by specifying a size. The elements of the array can be accessed using their index, allowing you to work with individual characters from the string.

C++ introduces a specific string data type known as 'std::string', which is used to represent a sequence of characters. There are several common operations you can perform on these strings, including appending, comparing, determining the length, and indexing.

One way to combine two strings in C++ is through string concatenation, where you can merge a first name and a last name to create a full name output. The necessary header files provide declarations for standard input/output functions, which include 'std::cin' for input and 'std::cout' for output. 'std::endl' is also available for inserting a new line in the output. The process of reading input using 'std::cin' involves three main steps. Initially, the user types the input and presses Enter; this data is then sent to a buffer before being stored according to the variable type specified. It’s important to note that delimiters such as spaces, tabs, and newlines separate the entries. When utilizing 'std::cin' to capture multiple variables, the input procedure ensures that data is collected efficiently. The 'std::getline' function serves the purpose of reading entire lines of input, which includes any spaces until a newline character is encountered. Additionally, you can read a single character at a time from the input stream using the 'cin.get()' function. Furthermore, the 'cin.ignore(size)' function provides the ability to skip a specific number of characters or ignore input until a designated delimiter appears. In summary, this chapter covers strings in C++, various operations related to them, and the mechanisms for standard input and output. We have also discussed how to read entire lines, single characters, and how to skip characters in input.