World History Review

Song Dynasty (960-1279)

Time Period: 960-1279
Key Aspects:
- Filial piety: Respect for elders and ancestors was a core value.
- Neo-Confucianism: A revival of Confucianism incorporating Buddhist and Daoist elements.
- Buddhism: Continued to be a significant religious influence.
Grand Canal: Expanded, facilitating trade and transportation.
Agriculture:
- Heavy use of champa rice: A drought-resistant rice variety.
- Irrigation: Required significant effort and a heavy reliance on farmers.
Economy:
- Steel and porcelain exports: Major trade commodities.
- Artisans: Specialized in porcelain production.
- Paper money: Used as a form of currency.

Time Period: 1095-1492
Definition: A series of "holy wars" where Christians attempted to reclaim land from Muslim control.

Time Period: 1206-1526
People: Mostly Turkish people who had converted to Islam (outside of the caliphate's direct rule).
Culture: Some blending of Hindu and Islamic traditions.

Genghis Khan: Ruled from 1206-1277.
Magna Carta: Signed in 1215, guaranteeing citizens the right to a fair trial.
Mongol Sack of Baghdad: In 1258, marking the end of the Abbasid Caliphate.
Failed Mongol Invasion of Japan: 1271-1285.
Marco Polo's Travels: 1271-1295.
Peak of Mongol Rule and Pax Mongolica: 1279, a period of relative peace and stability on the Silk Roads.
- Pax Mongolica encouraged trade and cultural exchange across Eurasia.