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APES 1: Organism Interactions & Feedback
📨
APES 1: Organism Interactions & Feedback
4 ways organisms interact
competition
compete for available resources (food, mating partners, etc.)
occurs between both the same and different kinds of organisms
predation
hunt and kill other organisms to supply their energy needs
occurs between different kinds of organisms,
cooperation
live together and help each other
occurs between the same kind of organisms
ex) herds, packs, colonies, families, etc.
symbiosis
live in close association with another kind of organism
occurs between different kinds of organisms,
resource
anything needed by an organism for life
ex) nutrients, water, light, space
limiting factor
a nutrient in short supply or one that cycles slowly
this LIMITS the growth of the population
symbiosis
%%mutualism%%
a relationship where both organisms benefits
ex) insects transfer pollen between plants as they gather nectar for food
commensalism
a relationship where one organism benefits; the other is neither harmed nor helped
hermit crabs make homes in shells abandoned by snails
==parasitism==
a relationship where one organism benefits; and the other is harmed in some way
ex) ticks feed on dog’s blood
feedback
any process that increases or decreases a change to the system
feedback loop
a feedback process where an output of matter, energy, or information is fed back into the system as an input and leads to changes in that system
positive feedback loop
causes systems to change further in the same direction
increases change to a system
ex) melting of a polar ice cap, increased erosion due to decreasing vegetation
negative feedback loop
causes systems to change in the opposite direction
decreases change to a system
ex) reproduction, overgrazing, less reproduction
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