AP Biology - Unit 2

Organelles and Structures to Know:

Extracellular Matrix

Cell Junctions - tight junction, desmosome, gap junction, plasmodesmata

Cell Wall

Cell/Plasma Membrane

Cytoplasm

Cytoskeleton (Microtubules, Intermediate Filaments, Microfilaments)

Vacuoles - central vacuole, contractile vacuole, food vacuole

Lysosomes

Peroxisomes

Ribosomes

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

Golgi Apparatus

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Nucleus

Nucleolus

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Membrane Transport Components:

Membrane Proteins - peripheral, integral, transmembrane

Glycoproteins and Glycolipids

Transport Proteins ((ion) channel proteins, (ion) carrier proteins)

Electrogenic Pump

Membrane Transportation - passive, active

simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, cotransport, endo- and exocytosis

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Water Potential (Ψ bars)

Ψ = Ψp + Ψs

Ψp = 0 in open systems, otherwise given

Ψs = -iCRT

• i = ionization constant
• C = molar concentration (mol/liter)
• R = pressure constant (usually 0.0831 liter bars/mol °K)
• T = temperature (calvin = 273° + T°C °K)

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