Science module 10 alleles and shit

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Flashcards: Module 10 Quiz Review

Q: What is an alternative form of a gene?
A: Allele
Q: What does it mean if an organism is homozygous for a trait?
A: It has two matching alleles.
Q: What does Mendel’s law of segregation state?
A: Alleles separate from each other.
Q: What does Mendel’s law of independent assortment state?
A: Alleles assort independently into gametes.
Q: In a Punnett square, what is the ratio of genotypes and phenotypes?
A: It depends on the specific cross, but typically includes homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive outcomes.
Q: What is the genotype of the other parent in a cross where one parent is homozygous dominant?
A: It depends on the alleles involved, but it could be heterozygous or homozygous recessive.
Q: What do pedigree charts show?
A: How alleles are passed from generation to generation.
Q: What do Roman numerals in a pedigree diagram represent?
A: The generation number.
Q: What do circles and squares represent in a pedigree chart?
A: Circles = females, squares = males.
Q: What do shaded symbols in a pedigree chart mean?
A: Half shaded = carrier; Fully shaded = affected by disorder.
Q: In incomplete dominance, what is the phenotypic ratio?
A: 1 red: 2 pink: 1 white.
Q: What does codominance mean?
A: Both alleles are fully expressed.
Q: If a disease is codominant, which offspring display both traits?
A: Heterozygous individuals (e.g., Hb^A Hb^S for sickle cell trait).
Q: How many alleles determine human blood type?
A: Three (A, B, O).
Q: What is the genotype for Type O blood?
A: ii (recessive).
Q: What is an example of a heterozygous blood genotype?
A: IAi or IBi.
Q: Why are males more likely to have sex-linked disorders?
A: They only need one affected allele, while females need two.
Q: Do linked genes segregate independently?
A: No, if they are very close together on the same chromosome, they tend to stay together.

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