South Asia

Hinduism Religion based on Vedas and caste system Sikhs Religious community affected by India's partition Jinnah Muslim leader advocating for partition of India Sacred Hymns Religious songs or chants in Hinduism Caste System Social hierarchy determining roles and duties Middle Way Balanced lifestyle avoiding extremes of greed and laziness British Colony India under control of England, losing resources Partition Division of India into Muslim and Hindu states Irrigation Channels Constructed to transport water for crops Indo-Aryans Group that settled in the Indus Valley around 1600 BCE Four Noble Truths Core principles of Buddhism addressing suffering Meditation Practice for achieving enlightenment in Buddhism Indus River Provided water for farming and trade Nehru Leader opposing partition, promoting unity in India Buddhism Religion based on the Eightfold Path, Four Noble Truths, and enlightenment How are Buddhism and Hinduism similar and different? Both believe in karma and the cycle of rebirth and use meditation to reach spiritual goals, however, Buddhism don't believe in gods while Hinduism does Why did people settle in the Indus River Valley, and how did they adapt to the land? Offered fertile agricultural land, while mountains and oceans provided natural barriers for protection from invaders, built irrigation canals and ditches because monsoons weren't reliable What are some of the beliefs of Hinduism? Reincarnation, gurus, one supreme god named Brahman, karma, and the caste system What is a colony? How was India a colony of England? A country that’s controlled by another country, and India wasn’t an independent country; England had full control of it Who was the Buddha, and how did he achieve enlightenment? Siddharta Gautama was the Buddha, and he achieved enlightenment by sitting under a tree and meditating for 49 days and nights without food or water What are the 4 Noble Truths? All of life involves suffering, wanting or desiring things for oneself causes suffering, people can end their suffering, and there is a way to overcome selfish desires What were the Vedas, and how were they passed down? Vedas were hundreds of secret hymns that were part of the Indo-Aryan culture, and they were passed down by word of mouth What is a partition? Why did those in India want to partition the country? A partition is basically a divide and they wanted to partition the country because they thought the Hindu and Muslim way of life were too different for them to be one nation Did you agree with one of the authors more? Why or why not? I agree with Nehru more because while they can celebrate their way of life more, there was way more bad stuff that came out of there than good What are some of the beliefs of Buddhism? The Buddha advised people to follow a middle way, and the 4 Noble Truths How were Jinnah and Nehru’s arguments about partition different? Jinnah wanted the country to break away from India and become independent, Pakistan, while Nehru wanted Pakistan to stay with India Karma The effect of a person’s actions in this and in previous lives Dharma A person’s duty or what is right for him or her Moksha Liberation from reincarnation Missionaries People who seek to spread their religion Dalit The fifth caste group that had jobs that no one wanted, like cleaning toilets or butchering animals Guild Groups of merchants or craftsmen working in the same line of business Brahman A supreme cosmic consciousness, spiritual force, or God Reincarnation The rebirth of a soul in a new body Gurus Thinkers and teachers Citizenship A membership in a state or community that gives a person civil and political rights and obligations Ascetic A person who tries to achieve spiritual purity through self-denial Nirvana A state of blissful peace without desire or suffering Cosmic Relating to the whole universe Enlightenment A state of perfect wisdom, free of suffering Righteous According to moral law Caste A fixed social class into which a person is born Monasteries Religious communities Vedas A collection of hundreds of sacred hymns used to express beliefs by the Aryans Bodhisattvas Beings who have gained enlightenment and, out of compassion, try to help others Tolerance A willingness to respect different beliefs and customs Illusion Something unreal or misleading Ancestor Something that provides information about something unknown Meditate To calm or clear the mind, often by focusing on a single subject Ahimsa The belief, shared by the religions of Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism, that one should not hurt any living thing Evidence Something that provides information about something unknown Consequence Result