Urbanization Lecture Notes

Unit 5: Urbanization

Growing Cities

• High-rise building: A very tall building with many floors.
• Industrial area: Region designated for industrial activity.
• Megacity: City with over 10 million residents.
• Overpopulation: Condition where a place has too many people.
• Rural migration: Movement of people from rural areas to cities.
• Slum: Poor, overcrowded urban area.

The Urban Shift

• Affordable: Financially accessible.
• Agriculture: Farming industry.
• Contribute: To provide support or add value.
• Deforestation: Clearing of forests.
• Opportunity: A chance for advancement.
• Policy: A course of action.
• Urbanisation: The process of increasing city development.

Phrasal Verbs

• Come up with: To think of an idea.
• Come down with: To become ill.

Urbanisation: Pros and Cons

• Commerce: Trade and business activities.
• Facilities: Basic services and conveniences.
• Waste management: System for handling waste.
• Smog: Pollution caused by smoke and fog.
• Soar: To rapidly increase in value.

Vocabulary Expansion

• Benefit: To gain an advantage.
• Convenience: Ease of use; accessibility.
• Crowd: A large number of people; can refer to density.
• Doubt: Uncertainty about something.
• Improve: To make something better.

Advanced Vocabulary

• Housing deficit: Shortage of affordable living spaces.
• Rural-urban migration: Movement from countryside to cities.
• Sustainable urban development: Responsible city growth that meets current needs.
• Urban sprawl: Unplanned expansion of cities.
• Metropolitan area: Large urban area comprising a city and its suburbs.
• Settle down: To establish a permanent home.
• Give rise to: To cause something to happen.
• Sprout up: To appear suddenly.
• Phase out: To gradually discontinue something.