Cells and Cell transport

Three functions of the central vacuole: stores waste, maintains shape, store liquids

carrier protein - changes shape based upon substance passing through the membrane

an organelle that aids in respiration: mitochondria

2 substances that are very difficult to pass through the membrane: disaccharides and ions

region of Golgi apparatus that produce vesicles - trans face

phyl - leaf

type of transport that uses energy - active transport

microfilaments are composed actin

MTOC (microtubles organizing center) is made of centriole and basal body

cyt - cell

term for hydrophilic and hydrophillic region - amphipathic

formed by phagocytosis - lysosomes

caused by absence of lysosome and results in an accumalation of glycogen - pompe’s disease

define osmosis [important to include “water” and “semi-permeable membrane” in your answer]

2 functions of microfilments - maintains cell shape and movement (i.e exocytosis and muscle contractions)

organelle that has byproduct of hydrogen peroxide - peroxisomes

integral proteins are inserted far and surround the hydrophobic, hydro-carbon part of the lipid

enzymes used for degradation - lysosomes

diffusion without energy - facilitated diffusion

reinforce cell wall - intermediate filaments

pseudo - fake

pumps excess water out of - contractile vacuole

who made the fluid mosaic model - nicholson and signer

Ribosome assemble proteins

chloro - green

term for process for small things to be able to enter the cells with small vesicles - pinocytosis

how are microtubles arranged in cilia (and flagella)? 9 doublets arranged in a ring with 2 in the cell anchored by basal body

microtubles are composed of hollow tublin

aquaporin moves water across the membrane

(electrical or chemical) stimuli causes them to open - ion channels

chromoplasts gives plants and flowers color

functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum - synthesis of lipids, carbohydrates metabolism, detoxification of poisons, production of sex hormones, storage of calcium ions (important in muscles)

know concentration gradient

endosymbiotic hypothesis

water potential

water potential-water moving through a semi-permeable membrane

2 factors - solute potential and pressure potential

add solute; water potential decreases

more solute on one side, the less solute potential, the less water potential