marine bio!

1. Which phase change occurs when a solid turns into a gas?

- Sublition

2. What reflects the average speed of molecules?

- Temperature

3. The process that captures the sun's energy to make glucose.

- Photosynthesis

4. Used by organisms to convert stored chemical energy into ATP?

- Cellular respiration

5. Which type of organism has complex cells that contain a nucleus as well as other

membrane-bound organelles?

- Eukaryotic

6. The process where an organism maintains the proper concentration of solutes

and water in its body.

- Osmoregulation

7. Which surface-to-volume ratio would be best for a single-celled organism?

- 4.1

8. Organisms have many ___ to survive in their habitat.

- Adaptations

9. What is the total amount of salt in seawater?

- Salinity

10. Which of the following correctly states binomial nomenclature to identify a

Hawaiian monk seal?

- A s (first one capitalized, second one lower case and italicized)

11. Single-celled organisms that create organisms with a cell.

- asexual

12. What is the study of evolutionary relationships?

- Phylogenetics

13. Organisms that use respiration to obtain energy from organic matter.

- Heterotrophs

14. The type of respiration that does not require oxygen to break down organic

molecules for energy.

- Anaerobic

15. The type of respiration that requires oxygen to break down organic molecules for

energy.

- Aerobic

16. Organisms that can be found in extreme environments such as very deep waters,

near hydrothermal vents, and high saline environments.

- Archaea

17. These organisms used to be referred to as plants, but many show animal like

characteristics.

- Algae

18. A group of structurally simple, diverse, eukaryotic, and heterotrophic organisms.

- Protozoans

19. A sac-like stage of cnidarians that attaches to the seafloor with the mouth and

tentacles facing upward

- Polyp

20. A bell-like stage of cnidarians that is adapted for swimming with the mouth and

tentacles facing downward.

- Medusa

21. What is the stinging structure used by cnidarians that is quickly ejected to capture

prey?

- Nematocyst

22. How the simplest bilaterally symmetrical body plan and a flattened body.

- flatworms

23. Which worms are similar to flatworms but are more complex, including a complex

gut and primitive body and circulatory system?

- Ribbon worms

24. Which worms are often parasitic, have a hydrostatic skeleton, and are often found

in sediment or in other organisms?

- Roundoworms

25. Which worm is almost transparent and has fish-like fins and tail?

- Arrow worms

26. These worms have bodies with a series of similar compartments.

- Segmented worms

27. Which worms have a soft, unsegmented body with a coelom and a mouth and

tentacles that can be pulled into the rest of the body?

- Peanut worms

28. The thin layer of tissue that secretes the shell in mollusks is called the ___

- Mantle

29. Which class of molluss can be describe as a coiled mass of organisms eclosed by

a dorsal shell on a creeping ventral foot?

- Gastropods

30. Which mollusk does not have a shell but instead has colorful projections of their

gut or exposed gills?

- nudibranchs

31. The class of mollusk with a flattened enclosed in a shell with two parts.

- Bivalves

32. Mollusks that have bodies adapted to an active way of life, making them great

swimmers and preditors.

- Cephalopoda

33. ___ out of ___ animals are arthropods.

- Three, four

34. What do most crustaceans have that allows for gas exchange?

- Gills

35. Which crustaceans are very abundant and important in the plankton community

that use theu mouthparts to filter out or capture food and cometimes use their

alternate to swim?

- copepods

36. Filter feeders that usually live attached to surfaces, including living animals like

whales and crabs.

- Barnacles

37. Small crustaceans with a curved body that is flattened sideways.

- Amphipods

38. Easily identifiable because the main part of their body has legs similar to each

other and have a body that is dorsoventrally flattened.

- isopods

39. Part of the plankton community that are common in waters and arw almost the

exclusive food source for many whales, penguins, and fishes.

- krill

40. What is the dorsal row of hollow skeletal elements, usually bones called

vertebrae?

- backbone

41. Which group of fishes do not have paired appendages or scales, and have

elongated bodies?

- Jawless fishes

42. Also called slime eels due to the presence of slime glands in the dermis.

- hagfish

43. A group of fishes that feed on other fishes through attaching nd ripping a hole in

the flesh to get tissue and body fluids.

- lamprey

44. Which group of fishes have placoid scales and are some of the largest living

vertebrates on earth besides whales.

- cartilaginous fishes

45. Which group of cartilaginous fishes have heterocercal casual fins, a ventral

mouth, and teeth that are continuously replaced?

- Sharks

46. Which group of cartilaginous fishes have flattened bodies with enlarged pectoral

fins and reduced cadual fins?

- Sharks and rays

47. Which group of fishes have cycloid scales, operculum, homocercal tail, and swim

bladder?

- Bony fishes

48. Explain what thermohaline circulation is and why it’s so important to life on earth.

- caused by changes in density, which are caused by changes in temperature and

salinity

- changes in salinity at the surface are caused by precipitation, evaporation, and

freezing

- changes in temperature at the surface are caused by evaporation, solar heating,

or the exchange of heat with the atmosphere

49. Salt associates with what?

- Sodium and chloride, +Na -Cl

50. Most important dissolved gas in the ocean.

- oxygen

51. The ocean depth increases ___

- Pressure increases

52. Surface layer

- 100-200 meters

53. What causes currents blowing north from the equator to drift right?

- Coriolis effect

54. Winds that approach the equator at a 45 degree angle.

- tradewinds

55. Earth lies under one of the bulges.

- Hightides

56. The distance between 2 wave crests.

- Wave length

57. Chemical reactions that occur in an organism that allows them to do work.

- metabolism

58. Stable internal environment.

- homeostasis

59. Energy stored, insulation

- Fats or lipids

60. What happens to ATP molecule when its used by a cell for energy.

- ADP

61. Not made of cells.

- virus

62. Smallest and most simple living organism.

- prokaryote

63. Break down waste

- Decay bacteria

64. Most abundant photosyntheitc organism

- cyanobacteria

65. Autotrophic organisms that use photosynthesis

- photoautotroph

66. Autotrophs using chemical compounds

- chemoautotroph

67. Used cellular algae made of silica

- diatoms

68. Have 2 flagellas

- Dinoflagelites

69. Calcium carbonate shell

- foraminiferans

70. Protozoans with delicate skeletons

- radiolarians

71. Eukarytoic, do not have cholorplasts

- fungus

72. Photosyntheic organisms

- Chlorophyll

73. Fresh water species, photosynthetic pigments

- Green algae

74. Most abundant and complex seaweed

- Brown algae

75. Most different species and in shallow waters

- Red algae

76. Most percent of animals are ___

- invertebrates

77. Cecile organisms that have a cellular level of organization but do not have true

tissues

- sponges

78. Cyndarians are more complex than sponges but have tissues that have functions

- Dont have nerves or brain

79. Place the levels of organization into the correct order from smallest to largest.

- Cell

- Tissue

- Organ

- Organ System

- Organism

80. Identify which evolutionary process is being shown below. Explain your answer. (2 pts)

- Natural selection, the bird is preying on the mice and the mice with darker traits

blend in and are more likely to survive than the ones who stand out. It leads to a

change of population over time.

81. List the taxonomic levels used to group organisms that have common

characteristics. Start with domain and end with species.

- Domain

- Kingdom

- Phylum

- Class

- Order

- Family

- Genus

- Species

82. Using this image of a kelp, identify the stipe, holdfast, air bladders, thallus, and

blades by writing in the correct word next to the line pointing to each structure.

83. Draw a picture of an organism with bilateral symmetry and one with radial

symmetry. Make sure to label which type of symmetry you have drawn.

- Bilateral: octopus

- Radial: jellyfish

84. All Unit Essay (10 pts) Explain how the overall complexity of organisms increases

as we move from bacteria all the way to bony fishes. Include the following

organisms in your answer: Bacteria, unicellular eukaryotes, sponges, cnidarians,

worms, mollusks, arthropods, jawless fishes, cartilaginous fishes, and bony