7.1: Shifting Power

Essential Question: How did internal and external factors contribute to change in various states after 1900?

Revolution in Russia

• Many internal challenges

  • slow to expand education for peasants

  • slow to build more roads and methods of transportation

  • Tsarist gov resisted calls for political reforms

  • Revolution of 1905- 400,000 workers refused to work

  • Bloody Sunday 1905- peaceful march by thousands of workers asking for better working conditions

• Led to external challenges

  • Lost Crimean War (1853-1856) against the Ottoman empire

  • Lost Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), a battle for control in Asia

• Bolsheviks, revolutionary working class of Russia, seized power and set up communist government

• Success of Bolsheviks changed the world, because it was the first example of a communist force leading a country

Upheaval in China

• Qing dynasty in power since 1644, overthrown finally by revolution in 1911

• Internal Challenges

  • ethnic differences and tension

  • danger of famine due to rapid population growth. Agriculture systems could not keep up with the people

  • low government revenues

• External challenges

  • Industrialization in the rest of the world

  • Europeans bought tea, rhubarb, porcelain, silk

  • Chinese were not as interested in European goods

  • in response to European influence in China, many people rallied behind the empress in 1890s

• Chinese Republic