Logos

Logic   {do not write “appeals to logos”}

Ethos

ethics; a means to convince an audience of the author’s credibility or character. {do not write “appeals to ethos”}

Pathos

emotion

Other persuasive appeals

Patriotism, exclusivity

Anadiplosis

The repetition of the word from the end of one sentence to the beginning of the next. It has been used by everyone from Shakespeare to Yoda:

“Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering.”

Anaphora

The repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of subsequent sentences.

Antithesis

Two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect. (One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.)

Asyndeton

The removal of conjunctions like “or,” “and,” or “but”

Juxtaposition

Placing two entities side by side in order to highlight their differences. These divergent elements can include people, ideas, things, places, behaviours, and characteristics.

Polysyndeton

The addition of extra conjunctions (“and then we walked and then we stopped and then we sat on the ground”).

Rhetorical question

A question asked merely for effect with no answer expected. The answer may be obvious or immediately provided by the questioner. If you pose a rhetorical question just to answer it yourself, that’s hypophora (“Am I hungry? Yes, I think I am”).

Triples/ tricolon

Three parallel clauses, phrases, or words, which happen to come in quick succession without any interruption. (And when the night grows dark, when injustice weighs heavy on our hearts, when our best-laid plans seem beyond our reach,.....)