world history

Term 1: Absolute Monarchy
Definition 1: A form of government where the monarch holds supreme autocratic authority, principally unconstrained by written laws, legislature, or customs.
Term 2: Constitutional Monarchy
Definition 2: A form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a written constitution.
Term 3: Ottoman Empire Impact
Definition 3: The Ottoman Empire influenced Eastern Europe through conquest and trade dominance, impacting global trade routes and economic systems.
Term 4: English Bill of Rights Impact
Definition 4: The English Bill of Rights limited the power of the monarchy, established rights for Parliament and individuals, and influenced later democratic documents.
Term 5: Copernicus Contributions
Definition 5: Proposed the heliocentric theory, which states that the planets revolve around the Sun, challenging the long-held geocentric view.
Term 6: Galileo Contributions
Definition 6: Made significant telescopic observations that supported the heliocentric theory and contributed to physics and astronomy.
Term 7: Issac Newton Contributions
Definition 7: Developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation, laying the foundation for classical physics.
Term 8: Thomas Hobbes Political Philosophy
Definition 8: Believed in a social contract where individuals give up some freedoms to an absolute sovereign in exchange for protection.
Term 9: Voltaire Political Philosophy
Definition 9: Advocated for freedom of speech, religious tolerance, and the separation of church and state.
Term 10: Charles de Montesquieu Political Philosophy
Definition 10: Promoted the idea of separation of powers in government to prevent tyranny.
Term 11: Jean-Jacques Rousseau Political Philosophy
Definition 11: Emphasized popular sovereignty and the idea that government should be based on the will of the people.
Term 12: Separation of Powers
Definition 12: The division of governmental power among different branches (e.g., legislative, executive, judicial) to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.
Term 13: Popular Sovereignty
Definition 13: The principle that the authority of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives.
Term 14: Simon Bolivar Influence
Definition 14: Led independence movements in several Latin American countries, inspired by the American and French Revolutions.
Term 15: Laissez-faire
Definition 15: An economic system in which transactions between private parties are free from government intervention such as regulation, privileges, tariffs, and subsidies.
Term 16: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Influence
Definition 16: Developed the theory of communism, advocating for a classless society achieved through a proletarian revolution.
Term 17: Containment
Definition 17: A United States foreign policy doctrine adopted by the Harry Truman administration in 1947, in which the U.S. would provide political, military, and economic assistance to democratic countries under the threat of communist influence.
Term 18: The Truman Doctrine
Definition 18: The principle that the US should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet