Chem Study Guide Review

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Question: Elements in families or columns on the Periodic Table have similar chemical properties.

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Answer: Families / columns

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Question: Elements in rows or periods on the Periodic Table have what kind of properties?

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Answer: repeating or cyclic chemical properties

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Question: What is the name of the compound KBr?

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Answer: potassium bromide

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Question: What is the name of the compound MgCl2?

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Answer: magnesium chloride

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Question: What is the name of the compound FeCl3?

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Answer: iron(III) chloride

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Question: What is the neutral chemical formula for Silicon tetrachloride?

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Answer: SiCl4

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Question: What is the neutral chemical formula for Diphosphorus pentoxide?

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Answer: P2O5

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Question: Which of the following is a polyatomic ion? (Based on matching: PO4-3)

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Answer: PO4-3

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Question: Which of the following is a diatomic element? (Based on matching: Cl2)

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Answer: Cl2

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Question: Which of the following is an acid? (Based on matching: H2SO4)

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Answer: H2SO4

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Question: In the compound 2 Ca3(PO4)2, how many Calcium atoms are there?

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Answer: 6

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Question: In the compound 2 Ca3(PO4)2, what is the charge of the Calcium ion?

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Answer: +2

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Question: Balance the equation: NaBr + Cl2 -> NaCl + Br2

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Answer: 2 NaBr + Cl2 -> 2 NaCl + Br2

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Question: For the nuclide given as 23/11 Na, what is the atomic number?

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Answer: 11

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Question: Which of these is a way to identify if a chemical change has taken place?

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Answer: precipitate formed, gas produced, temp. change, or color change

(You would list one as the answer and others as distractors)

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Question: What is a precipitate?

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Answer: a solid produced in a reaction

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Question: Which of the following is one of the 7 diatomic gases?

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Answer: H2, O2, F2, Br2, I2, N2, or Cl2

(You would use one as the answer and others as distractors)

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Question: What type of reaction is C + O2 -> CO2?

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Answer: Combustion

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Question: What type of reaction is CaCO3 -> CaO + CO2?

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Answer: Decomposition

Moles and Stoichiometry

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Question: What is the value of Avogadro's number?

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Answer: 6.02 x 10^23

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Question: What is standard volume for a gas at STP?

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Answer: 22.4 L

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Question: What is the molar mass of CO2?

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Answer: 44 g/mol

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Question: How many moles are in 98.3 g of CO2?

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Answer: 2.23 mol

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Question: How many grams are in 3.5 moles of CH4?

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Answer: 56 g

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Question: Using the equation 2 C2H6(g) + 7 O2(g) --> 4 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g), if you combust 24.3 L of C2H6 with excess oxygen, how many grams of H2O would be produced?

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Answer: 58.58 g H2O

Gas Laws

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Question: Describe the relationship between variables in Boyle's Law (V1P1 = V2P2).

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Answer: indirect

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Question: Describe the relationship between variables in Gay-Lussac's Law (P1/T1 = P2/T2).

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Answer: direct

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Question: Describe the relationship between variables in Charles's Law (V1/T1 = V2/T2).

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Answer: direct

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Question: What is the name of the equation PV=nRT?

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Answer: Ideal gas law

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Question: Which of the following is a unit of pressure?

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Answer: atmospheres (atm), mmHg, torr, or psi

(You would use one as the answer and others as distractors)

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Question: What is meant by absolute zero?

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Answer: The temp. at which molecules stop moving

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Question: What is standard temperature in Celsius?

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Answer: 0 degrees C

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Question: Convert 25 degrees Celsius to Kelvin.

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Answer: 298 K

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Question: If the pressure of a sample of gas is inversely related to its volume and the volume decreases, what happens to the pressure?

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Answer: Increase pressure

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Question: If the kinetic energy of a gas sample increased but the volume was not allowed to change, what would happen to the pressure?

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Answer: Increase pressure

Thermodynamics (Endothermic, Exothermic & Specific Heat)

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Question: Is the reaction Energy + NH3OH -> NH4+ + OH- endothermic or exothermic?

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Answer: Endothermic

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Question: In an endothermic reaction, do the reactants or products have more energy?

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Answer: products

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Question: What is the sign of the enthalpy change for an endothermic reaction?

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Answer: positive

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Question: In an endothermic reaction, are the reactants or products more stable?

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Answer: Reactants

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Question: What is enthalpy?

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Answer: Potential energy or Heat

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Question: What is activation energy?

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Answer: Energy needed to start a reaction

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Question: How do catalysts speed up reactions?

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Answer: Lower the amount of EA needed to start a reaction

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Question: What happens to the temperature of a test tube when an exothermic reaction takes place?

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Answer: Hot

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Question: Calculate the specific heat of a 10 g metal cylinder that loses 242.46 Joules of enthalpy when cooling from 96 degrees C to 42 degrees C.

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Answer: 0.449 J/g degrees C

Acids and Bases

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Question: Which of the following is a property of an acid?

(Based on properties listed in source 5 and common knowledge - source lists "properties" but doesn't give specific examples in text next to question. Common properties like sour taste, corrosive, pH < 7 align with the context.)

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Answer: (Based on common knowledge relating to the topic) Examples could include: sour taste, corrosive, pH below 7.

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Question: Which of the following is a property of a base?

(Based on properties listed in source 5 and common knowledge - source lists "properties" but doesn't give specific examples in text next to question. Common properties like bitter taste, slippery feel, pH > 7 align with the context.)

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Answer: (Based on common knowledge relating to the topic) Examples could include: bitter taste, slippery feel, pH above 7.

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Question: What do acids and bases produce when they react in a neutralization reaction?

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Answer: Salt and water

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Question: What ion do acids produce when they ionize in water?

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Answer: H+ or H3O+

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Question: What ions are produced when HCl ionizes in water?

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Answer: H+ + Cl-

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Question: What ion do bases produce when they ionize in water?

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Answer: OH- or hydroxide

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Question: What is the approximate pH range for a strong acid?

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Answer: 0-2

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Question: What is the approximate pH range for a weak base?

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Answer: 8

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Question: What is the formula for Sulfuric acid?

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Answer: H2SO4

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Question: Where might you commonly find Acetic acid?

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Answer: vinegar

Nuclear

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Question: What are three things one must consider when deciding how dangerous radiation may be?

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Answer: type, time exposed, closeness to source

(You would list one as the answer and others as distractors)

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Question: What is half-life?

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Answer: The time it takes for 1/2 the mass to decay

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Question: Which type of radiation is represented by the symbol 4/2 He?

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Answer: Alpha

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Question: What type of shielding is typically needed for beta radiation?

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Answer: skin or lead

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Question: What is the difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion?

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Answer: Fission splits a nucleus, fusion brings nuclei together

(You would describe fission or fusion and ask for the term)

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Question: Where does radon gas originate?

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Answer: Soil that has Uranium

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Question: What particle is used to initiate a nuclear fission reaction?

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Answer: neutron

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Question: What is ionizing radiation?

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Answer: high-energy radiation which is capable of knocking electrons from an atom

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Question: Which of these is a unit for measuring radiation?

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Answer: Seiverts, curies, or mrem

(You would use one as the answer and others as distractors)

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Question: What nuclear process do power plants use to produce energy?

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Answer: Fission

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Question: Which of the following is a pro of nuclear power?

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Answer: clean/no carbon emissions or no fossil fuels

(You would use one as the answer and cons as distractors)