ARTA | FINALS

JUDY DIOLON | BSN-YA-21

CONTEMPORARY ARTS “The Rule Breaker”

"contemporary arts breaks the norm"

MODERN ART

• mod·ern
• /ˈmädərn/
• relating to the present or recent times as opposed to the remote past.
• art
• /ärt/
• the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form.
• Modern art comprises creative work created during the era roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and specifies the forms and concepts of art established during that time period. The term is most usually associated with art in which traditional norms are abandoned in favor of experimentation.
• Modern painters experimented with new ways of seeing as well as new ideas about material nature and the roles of art. Many works of contemporary art tend to move away from narrative, which was characteristic of past art forms, and toward abstraction. More recent creative work is referred to it as contemporary art or postmodern art.
• Wheatfields With Crows, 1890 by Vincent Van Gogh
• Galatea de las esferas, 1952 by Salvador Dali

CONTEMPORARY ARTS

• con·tem·po·rar·y
• /kənˈtempəˌrerē/
• living or occurring at the same time.
• belonging to or occurring in the present.
• Art
• /ärt/
• the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form.
• Contemporary art is artwork made by living artists now. As a result, it depicts the diverse, global, and ever-changing issues that shape our world.
• Many contemporary artists utilize their work to explore personal or cultural identity, critique societal and institutional systems, or even re-define art. They typically generate difficult or thought-provoking subjects without providing clear answers in the process.
• Curiosity, an open mind, and a desire to discuss and debate are the best tools for approaching a piece of modern art.
• Campbell’s Soup Cans, 1962 by Andy Warhol
• Garapata by Dex Fernandez

how did modern art started a new period?

• Impressionism was the foundation of contemporary art. It all began in Paris as a reaction to a rather formal and rigorous style of painting practiced in studios and dictated by conventional organizations such as the Academie des Beaux-Arts.
• Unlike many members of other art movements, Post-Impressionists primarily composed their works independently of others, allowing them to experiment in a variety of directions, ranging from intensified Impressionism, as typified by van Gogh, to pointillism, as seen in Seurat's most famous work Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884–86).
• Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, 1884–86 by Georges Seurat

CONTEMPORARY ARTS VS. MODERN ART

• To begin, Modern and Contemporary Art are two distinct periods of art.
• Contemporary Art emphasizes innovation and freedom more than Modern Art.
• Contemporary art focuses on societal influence, with society as the major emphasis, whereas Modern art is an expression of personality.
• Another difference is that most Modern Art was made on canvas, but Contemporary Art may be found in a wider range of materials, including object design, tech-enabled artwork, and graphical arts.

SOCIAL INTERACTION OF CONTEMPORARY ARTS AND MODERN ART

• While you may be drawn to art, it's critical to recognize and comprehend what it is about the art that draws you in, as well as whatever exact aspect appeals to you the most.
• Contemporary art flourished with Modernism at first, but it is today seen as distinct from that school. The Contemporary Art Society was created by Roger Fry and his associates in 1910.
• Modern art is defined by academics as a distinct style that corresponds to a certain time period. The modern style, on the other hand, evolves with time, resulting in a wider range of methods and outputs.

ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM

• Artistic style in which the artistseeks to depict not objective reality but rather the subjective emotion and responses that objects and events arouse within a person.
• Expressionism as a distinct style or movement refers to a number of German artist, as well as Austrian, French, and Russian ones, who became active in the years before World War I and remained so throughout much of the interwar period.

TWO MAJOR STYLES

• Action painting
• Direct, instinctual, and highly dynamic kind of art that involves the spontaneous application of vigorous, sweeping brushstrokes and the chance effects of dripping and spilling paint onto the canvas.
• Color Fields
• Direct, instinctual, and highly dynamic kind of art that The term typically describes large-scale canvases dominated by flat expanses of color and having a minimum of surface detail. Color-field paintings have a unified single-image field and differ qualitatively from the gestural, expressive brushwork.

ARTIST AND THEIR WORKS

• Convergence, 1950 by Jackson Pollock
• Multiform, 1948 by Mark Rothko

OPTICAL ART

• Op art, also called optical art, branch of mid-20th-century geometric abstract art that deals with optical illusion.
• Achieved through the systematic and precise manipulation of shapes and colors. The effects of optical art can be based either on perspective illusion or on chromatic tension; in painting, the dominant medium of Op art, the surface tension is usually maximized to the point at which an actual pulsation or flickering is perceived by the human eye.

ARTIST AND THEIR WORKS

• Zebra by Victor Vasarely
• Achaean by Bridget Riley

KINETIC ART

• Art from any medium that contains movement perceivable by the viewer or that depends on motion for its effect.
• "Kinetic art" as a moniker developed from a number of sources.
• KINETIC SCULPTURE, sculpture in which movement (as of a motor-driven part or a changing electronic image) is a basic element. In the 20th century the use of actual movement, kineticism, became an important aspect of sculpture.

ARTIST AND THEIR WORKS

• Abstraction by Alexander Calder
• Meta-Harmonie II by Jean Tinguely

MINIMALISM

• Minimal art, also called ABC art, is the culmination of reductionist tendencies in modern art.
• MINIMAL SCULPTURE, is composed of extremely simple, monumental geometric forms made of fiberglass, plastic, sheet metal, or aluminum, either left raw or solidly painted with bright industrial colors. Like the painters, Minimalist sculptors attempted to make their works totally objective, unexpressive, and non-referential.

ARTIST AND THEIR WORK

• Untitled(stack), by Donald Judd
• Harran II by Frank Stella

POP ART

• Pop art is an art movement that emerged in the 1950s and flourished in the 1960s in America and Britain. It is an art that is based on popular culture and mass media. Characterized by bold, simple, everyday imagery, and vibrant block colors.
• The Pop Art movement aimed to blur the boundaries between "high" art and "low" culture. By creating paintings or sculptures of mass culture objects and media stars.

ARTIST AND THEIR WORKS

• Great American Nude #21, 1961 by Tom Wesselmann
• Popeye, 1961 by Roy Lichtenstein
• House of fire, 1981 by James Rosenquist

POST MODERNISM

• Postmodernism refers to a reaction against modernism. It is less a cohesive movement than an approach and attitude toward art, culture, and society.
• Postmodern art can be also characterized by a deliberate use of earlier styles and conventions, and an eclectic mixing of different artistic and popular styles and mediums.
• A late 21st and 20th century art style.

ARTIST AND THEIR WORK

• 10 Marilyn Monroe, 1967 by Andy Warhol
• ONE AND THREE CHAIRS, 1965 by Joseph Kosuth

NEO-POP ART

• Neo-Pop, or Post-Pop, is a broad term that refers to a style that has been influenced by Pop Art. The first wave of Neo-Pop Art emerged in the 1980’s as a reaction to the Minimalism and Conceptualism of the 1970’s.
• The Neo-Pop artists used the iconography of Pop Art to their own ends, creating commentary that mimics Pop Art, but also incorporating contemporary “kitsch” imagery and references to political and social issues that did not exist in the 60’s.

ARTIST AND THEIR WORKS

• Portrait Twin; Futago, 1988 by Yasumasa Morimura
• 727, 1996 by Takashi Murakami
• Paris Hilton Autopsy, 2007 by Daniel Edwards

PHOTOREALISM

• The name Photorealism (also known as Hyperrealism or Superrealism) was coined in reference to those artists whose work depended heavily on photographs, which they often projected onto canvas allowing images to be replicated with precision and accuracy.
• The movement came about within the same period and context as Conceptual Art, Pop Art, and Minimalism and expressed a strong interest in realism in art, over that of idealism and abstraction.

ARTIST AND THEIR WORKS

• Telephone Booth, 1968 by Richard Estes
• Erschossener; man shot down 1, 1988 by Gerhard Richter

CONCEPTUALISM

• Conceptual art is a movement that prizes ideas over the formal or visual components of art works.
• Conceptualism took myriad forms, such as performances, happenings, and ephemera. From the mid-1960s through the mid-1970s Conceptual artists produced works and writings that completely rejected standard ideas of art.

ARTIST AND THEIR WORKS

• Mother and Child Divided, 1993 by Damien Hirst
• The trees will riot, 2020 by Robert Montgomery

PERFORMANCE ART

• Is art is presented "live," usually by the artist but sometimes with collaborators or performers.
• artworks that are created through actions performed by the artist or other participants, which may be live or recorded, spontaneous or scripted.

ARTIST AND THEIR WORKS

• Rhythm 0, 1974 by Marina Abramovic
• Cutpiece, 1964 by Yoko Ono

INSTALLATION ART

• Installation art is one of the most impactful and enchanting art genres in existence. Compared to conventional art forms such as painting and sculpture, Installation art is intended to fill entire rooms or even entire exhibition space (Lesso, 2020).

ARTIST AND THEIR WORKS

• Yard, 1967 by Allan Kaprow
• Aftermath of obliteration of eternity, 2009 by Yayoi Kusama

EART ART

• Earth art, also known as Land art or Earthworks, is primarily an American movement that produces site-specific structures, art forms, and sculptures using the natural landscape. (The Art Story, 2018)

ARTISTS AND THEIR WORKS

• Broken circle;Spiral hill, 1971 by Robert Smithson
• California Dreamin, 1972-76 by Christo and Jeanne-Claude

STREET ART

• Street art is art that is done in public surfaces such as building exteriors, highway overpasses, and sidewalks. Street art is more common in cities. - Street art is similar to graffiti in that it is done in public spaces and is usually unauthorized, but it encompasses a broader range of media and is more closely associated with graphic design. (Tate, 2018)

ARTISTS AND THEIR WORKS

• Untitled (skull),1981 by Jean Michel Basquiat
• Houston Bowery Wall, 1982 by Keith Haring

ASIAN ART

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• CHINESE ART
• INDIAN ART
• JAPANESE ART
• KOREAN ART
• TIBETAN ART
• NEPALESE ART
• INTRODUCTION
• The history of Asian art or Eastern art, includes a vast range of influences from various cultures and religions. Developments in Asian art historically parallel those in Western art, in general a few centuries earlier. Chinese art, Indian art, Korean art, Japanese art, each had significant influence on Western art, and vice versa. Near Eastern art also had a significant influence on Western art. Excluding prehistoric art, the art of Mesopotamia represents the oldest forms of Asian art.

CHINESE ART

The oldest continuous art traditions in the world are Chinese art traditions.

Chinese art in 10,000 B.C.E. included pottery and sculptures.

Scholars and nobles preserved Chinese artistic traditions, and these were adapted by each successive dynasty.

Over the centuries, Chinese art produced the following types of arts:

• Paintings
• Calligraphies
• Architecture
• Pottery
• Sculptures
• Bronzes
• Jade carvings
• Other fine or decorative art forms

Ancient Chinese Art

Calligraphy

• The art of calligraphy aims to demonstrate superior control and skill using brush and ink.
• Introduced in the Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE then after two hundred years, all educated men were expected to be proficient at it.
• Lady Wei (272-349 CE) was an accomplished calligrapher and said to have taught the great master Wang Xizhi (303-361 CE)

Painting

• Walls, coffins and boxes, screens, silk scrolls, fixed fans, book covers, and folding fans were the most popular formats.
• Wood and bamboo were the most popular materials used by the earliest artists, and then adopted plastered walls, silk, and paper.
• Portraits and landscapes were the two most popular themes.

Pottery

• The oldest known pots in the world was from Xianrendong Cave Pottery (Jiangxi province)
• Heavy and functional storage jars
• During the Han dynasty, there were early developments in techniques and kilns.

Art Influence

• Chinese art is greatly influenced by Chinese philosophies of Buddhism, Confucianism, and particularly Taoism. This aims to show a sense of harmony between humans and the larger world.

INDIAN ART

• Indian art consists of a variety of art forms, including painting, sculpture, pottery, and textile arts such as woven silk. Geographically, it spans the entire Indian subcontinent, including what is now India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and at times eastern Afghanistan. A strong sense of design is characteristic of Indian art and can be observed in its modern and traditional forms.
• The origin of Indian art can be traced to prehistoric settlements in the 3rd millennium BC. On its way to modern times, Indian art has had cultural influences, as well as religious influences such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism and Islam. In spite of this complex mixture of religious traditions, generally, the prevailing artistic style at any time and place has been shared by the major religious groups.
• Indian artist styles historically followed Indian religions out of the subcontinent, having an especially large influence in Tibet, South East Asia and China. Indian art has itself received influences at times, especially from Central Asia and Iran, and Europe.
• Yakshi Bracket Figure. East torana of the Great Stupa at Sanchi, 1st century BCE/CE, in Madhya Pradesh, India
• The Priest-King is a carved steatite statuette found during the excavation of the Bronze Age city of Mohenjodaro,

Kapila Vatsyayan

• The visual arts (sculpture, painting and architecture) are tightly interrelated with the non-visual arts. According to Kapila Vatsyayan, "Classical Indian architecture, sculpture, painting, literature (kaavya), music and dancing evolved their own rules conditioned by their respective media, but they shared with one another not only the underlying spiritual beliefs of the Indian religio-philosophic mind, but also the procedures by which the relationships of the symbol and the spiritual states were worked out in detail."
• Insight into the unique qualities of Indian art is best achieved through an understanding of the philosophical thought, the broad cultural history, social, religious and political background of the artworks.
• The Taj Mahal under construction. (In total, construction of the 42-acre (17-hectare) complex spanned 22 years.)
• Sculpture was a common practice among Indian Buddhists and Hindus. Hinduism continued to be a main focus of Indian art for centuries, as sculptures of deities like Shiva were commonly produced. By the 16th century, Islam gained importance under the Mughal Empire and art production grew under Islamic rulers. During this time, the arts prospered and in 1631 construction began on the Taj Mahal.

Notable Indian Architecture

The Iron Pillar, Delhi

• This pillar, built in the 4th century, features Sanskrit inscription in Brahmi script that states it was created in honor of the Hindu god Vishnu. The pillar showcases India’s prowess in metallurgy, a branch of science that focuses particularly on the properties, production, and purification of metals.

Konark Sun Temple, Konark, India

• Built in the 13th century, this impressive temple is dedicated to the Hindu sun god Surya. It was carved from stone in the form of a 100-foot-high chariot with immense wheels and horses.

JAPANESE ART

• Art in Japan has undergone series of transitions and periodization.
• Japan has transitioned into a cultural mixing pot.
• Based on artifact such as ceramic figures and ornaments.
• It was influenced by Korean and Chinese artwork
• Japanese art covers a wide range of art styles and media, including ancient pottery, sculpture in wood and bronze, ink painting on silk and paper, calligraphy, ceramics , architecture, oil painting,literature,drama and music.
• Both religious and secular artistics traditions developed, but even the secular art was imbued with Buddhist and Confuscian aesthetic principles, particularly the Zen concept that every aspect of the material world is part of an all encompassing whole.
• Over it’s long history, Japanese art absorbed many foreign artistics traditions and carried on intermittent exchanges with china and Korea.
• When Japan came into contact with the western world during the 19th century, Japanese woodblock prints, paintings and ceramics had a considerable influence on European art particularly in cubism and impressionism.
• Contemporary Japanese art is concerned with themes such as self-identity and finding fulfillment in a world dominated by technology.
• Since the 1990s, Japanese animation known as anime, has become widely popular with young people in the west.
• Haniwa - Ceramic figures that is made up of clay. That were made for ritual use and buried with the dead as funerary objects

Shinoism

• The native religion of Japan.
• A practice of religious rites based on the Japanese polytheistic idea of ‘kami’ (deity).
• The word Shintō literally means “way of kami”.
• Collections of native beliefs and mythology.
• Worshipping nature and natural objects ranging from trees, lakes mountains, flowers and rocks.

Buddhism

• Became an integral part of Japanese Culture, Artwork such as images and sculptures of Buddha were produced.
• Buddhist temples are became staples key places.
• Art is essence became an expression of worship for the Japanese people.

Ukiyo-e

• Is an art movement which is flourished in 17th through 19th centuries. It’s artist produced woodblock prints and paintings of such subjects as travel scenes and landscapes, female beauties and sumo wrestlers

The Great Wave of Kanagawa

• Nicknamed “The Wave”
• Hokusai, an artist with a unique talent.
• The Four details that made this masterpiece famous: The waves, Prussian blue color, Mount Fuji, The boats and the Fisherman.

Hiroshige

• Known for his horizontal-format landscapes series “The Fifty-three Stations of the Tokaido.
• Also known for his vertical-format landscape popular series “One Hundred famous view of Edo.
• Hiroshige’s death marked the beginning of the rapid decline in the ukiyo-e genre.

Sharaku

• Was a Japanese ukiyo-e print designer.
• Known for his portraits of kabuki actors.
• Over 140 prints have been established as the works of Sharaku.
• The majority are portraits of actors or scenes from kabuk iand the rest are the sumo wrestlers.

Nishiki-e

• Is a type of Japanese multi-colored woodblock printing.
• The Technique is used primarily in Ukiyo-e. It was invented in 1760s.
• Suzuki Harunobu developed the technique of polychrome printing to produce nishiki-e

Kaiga

• Also known as Japanese Painting.
• Is one of the oldest and most highly refined of the Japanese art.
• Panel form the Tale of Genji

Jomon Period Pottery

• The first settlers of Japan, the jomon people.
• Named for the cord markings that decorated the surfaces of their clay vessels were nomadic hunter-gatherers.

Yayoi Art

• Bringing knowledge of wetland rice cultivation, the manufacture of copper weapons and bronze bells (dōtaku).
• Use for Rituals.
• The oldest dotaku found date from the second and third century.
• Dotaku, Third Century

Kofun Art

• Represents a modification of Yayoi culture.
• Typical artifacts are bronze mirrors, symbol of political alliances called haniwa.
• Haniwa Horse

“MANGA”

• In Japanese, "manga" refers to all kinds of cartooning, comics, and animation. Among English speakers, "manga" has the stricter meaning of "Japanese comics", in parallel to the usage of "anime" in and outside Japan. The term "ani-manga" is used to describe comics produced from animation cels. Often disregarded as “Japanese cartoons” in the West, manga and anime are an important part of Japanese contemporary art and, much like the avant-garde movements, the modern manga took shape in the post-war decades.

KOREAN ART

HISTORY OF KOREA

• Professional have begun to acknowledge and sort through Korea’s own unique art culture and important role in not only transmitting Chinese culture but also assimilating it and creating a unique culture of its own.
• Korea Arts include tradition in calligraphy, music, painting, and pottery often marked by the use of natural forms, surface decoration..
• The earliest example of Korean art consists of stone age works dating from 300 BCE. These mainly consist of votive sculpture, although petroglyphs have also been recently discovered
• Korean artists sometimes modified Chinese tradition with a native preference for simple elegance, purity of nature and spontaneity.
• The Gotyeo Dynasty (1918-1392) was the one of the most prolific periods for the artists in many disciplines, especially in pottery.

Melon-shaped wine ewer

• Melon-shaped ewer with bamboo decoration first half of the 12th century.
• This elegant ewer demonstrates the Goryeo potter's technical skill and conceptual sophistication in transforming everyday motifs from nature—in this case, a melon and bamboo—into a functional and aesthetically pleasing vessel.

Neolithic Art

• Korean ancient pottery improved during the era of Neolithic art (c. 10,000-3,000 BCE) with the creation of flat-bottomed vessels decorated with zigzag patterns, followed by comb-pattern pottery (c. 3,000 BCE).

COMB-PATTERNED POTTERY

• The vessel form found in early comb pottery is a simple V-shape with a pointed or rounded bottom. The surface is entirely covered with impressed or incised lines, short, slanting, and parallel, arranged in either horizontal or vertical rows so as to produce a sort of comb pattern.
• In later pottery the clay is often tempered with asbestos or talc stone, and the base of the vessel tends to be flattened. The earlier, space-filling linear design yields to more sparsely placed curvilinear designs consisting of dots.

Jeulmun pottery period

• The Jeulmun pottery period is named after the decorated pottery vessels that form a large part of the pottery assemblage consistently over the above period, especially 4000-2000 BC. Jeulmun (Hangul: 즐문, Hanja: 櫛文) means "Comb-patterned". A boom in the archaeological excavations of Jeulmun Period sites since the mid-1990s has increased knowledge about this important formative period in the prehistory of East Asia.

Bronze Age

• In Korea, the Bronze Age began around the 15th century BCE, with the everyday use of mumun pottery, ground stone tools, and wooden tools. During this period, only a few people possessed bronze tools, which served either as symbols of authority or as ritual instruments.

Korean- Sword

• have served a central place in the defense of the nation for thousands of years. Although typical Korean land battles have taken place in wide valleys and narrow mountain passes, which favor use of the spear and bow, the sword found use as a secondary, close-quarters weapon, especially useful during sieges and ship-to-ship boarding actions. Higher quality, ceremonial swords were typically reserved for the officer corps as a symbol of authority with which to command the troops. Ceremonial swords are still granted to military officials by the civilian authority to this day.
• Korean swords typically fall into two broad categories, the Geom, and the Do.

Comma Shape Beads

• Magatama (勾玉, less frequently 曲玉) are curved, comma-shaped beads that appeared in prehistoric Japan from the Final Jōmon period through the Kofun period, approximately 1000 BCE to the 6th century CE.

Iron Age

• The transition from the Late Bronze to Early Iron Age in Korea begins in the 4th century BCE. This corresponds to the later stage of Gojoseon, the Jin state period in the south, and the Proto–Three Kingdoms period of the 1st to 4th century CE.[8]
• The period that begins after 300 BCE can be described as 'protohistoric', a time when some documentary sources seem to describe societies in the Korean peninsula.

THE THREE KINGDOM

GOGURYEO

• Goguryeo, also called Goryeo, was a Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of Manchuria. At its peak of power, Goguryeo controlled most of the Korean peninsula, large parts of Manchuria and parts of eastern Mongolia and Inner Mongolia.

BAEKJE

• Baekje was founded as a member of the Mahan confederacy. Two sons of the founder of Goguryeo are recorded to have fled a succession conflict, to establish Baekje around the present Seoul area.
• Baekje absorbed or conquered other Mahan chiefdoms and, at its peak in the 4th century, controlled most of the western Korean peninsula. Buddhism was introduced to Baekje in 384 from Goguryeo, which Baekje welcomed

SILLA

• According to Korean records, in 57 BC, Seorabeol (or Saro, later Silla) in the southeast of the peninsula unified and expanded the confederation of city-states known as Jinhan. Although Samguk Sagi records that Silla was the earliest-founded of the three kingdoms, other written and archaeological records indicate that Silla was likely the last of the three to establish a centralized government.
• Silla was the smallest and weakest of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, but it used cunning diplomatic means to make opportunistic pacts and alliances with the more powerful Korean kingdoms, and eventually Tang China, to its great advantage.

OTHER ARTS OF KOREA

• Korean arts is characterized by transition in main religion at the time; early Korean shamanist art, then Korean Buddhist art and Korean confucian art, through the various forms of Western Art in 20 century.
• Art works in metal, jade, bamboo, textiles have a limited resurgence.

Korean Calligraphy and Printing

• is seen art where brush stroke reveal the artist personality enhancing the subject matter that is painted,
• This arts form represent the apogee and Korean Confucian Art.

Korean Fabric Arts

• are craft of making fabric and textiles produced by the people on the Korean Peninsula. They have a long history, which includes fabrics such as guksa, nobang, sha, jangmidan, Korean-made jacquard, brocade and satin. Or crafts such as the Korean quilts known as bojagi, Korean embroidery, Korean knots, Korean clothing and the rarer arts of Korean blinds weaving and Korean paper clothing. In old time, people usually wore natural dyeing clothes.

Korean Knot

• In the ruling palaces, knots were used to signify dignity and prestige. For religious purposes knots decorated Buddhist ornaments. The most common use of knots was in Norigae, traditional Korean ornaments worn by women to decorate clothing.

Korean Paper Art

• Korean paper or hanji is the name of traditional handmade paper from Korea.Hanji is made from the inner bark of Broussonetia papyrifera known colloquially as paper mulberry, a tree native to Korea that grows well on its rocky mountainsides, known in Korean as dak.

Korean Mask

• have a long tradition with the use in a variety of contexts. Masks of any type are called tal (Korean: 탈) in Korean, but they are also known by many others names such as gamyeon, gwangdae, chorani, talbak and talbagaji. Korean masks come with black clothe attached to the sides of the mask designed to cover the back of the head and also to simulate black hair.

Korean Paintings Art

1. -Western-style oil painting in Korean art was in the self-portraits of Korean artist Ko Hu i-dong.

-Ko Hui- dong- Korean artist who pioneered in the application of Western techniques to traditional painting styles. After World War II he became a member of the South Korean government of Syngman Rhee.

2.Arahat, Joseon buddhist painting in the 16th century Korea.

3. were popular subjects in court paintings in the late Joseon Dynasty, and dozens of them were produced for various occasions including royal weddings. Peaches in these paintings grow only every 3,000 years and symbolizes longevity.

3 TYPE OF PAINTINGS IN KOREA

1.Buddhist Paintings

2.Confucian Paintings

3.Decorative Painting

TIBETAN ART

• Also called the “Himalayan art,” that refers to the art of Tibet and other present and former Himalayan kingdoms.
• Also called Lamaism, which is a regional form of northern Buddhism.
• The artists were largely anonymous despite the existence of flourishing workshops.
• Tibetan art evolved from the 7th century CE
• Tubo Kingdom is when Tibetan arts have developed. These originated from the rock paintings in ancient times. The contents of these paintings include animal images of deer, ox, sheep, horse, and more relating to hunting scenes.
• Religious paintings have made a further progress most especially after introducing Buddhism to Tibet.

Arts and Crafts

• Stone carving, mural painting, and Thangka paintings
• Often religious in theme

Belief

• sacred art
• Its drawing elements are from the religions of Buddhism, Hinduism, Bon, and other tribal groups and others reflecting the overriding influence of Tibetan Buddhism.
• Tibetan artists followed rules regarding proportions, shape, colour, stance, hand positions, and attributes in order to personify correctly the Buddha or deities.

Sand Mandala

• One of the particular types of artwork of Tibetan artists is Sand Mandala. It is a spiritual symbol depicting the universe and the cosmos.
• Has geometric patterns
• Ceremonies and viewing are done to symbolise the Buddhist doctoral belief in the transitory nature of material life when it is being ritualistically dismantled.

BHUTANESE ART

• In Bhutan, art remains an essential part of daily life that retains the purity and handcraft of ancient times that rarely manifests itself in Western Culture. Certainly, these practices evolve and adapt through the new generations, but at the same time it preserves the internal and external spirituality—full of the sacred beliefs of this mystic and mysterious land—of creating a work of art from the past.
• For the Bhutanese people, each piece they create represents a religious experience, a connection with something that goes beyond them and enlightens them creatively, and this is why the 13 Traditional Arts and Crafts, known as Zorig Chusum, have prevailed to this day and continue to be one of the most consequential aspects of Bhutanese culture.

ORIGIN

• The 13 Arts are rooted in Buddhism. They are believed to have been introduced by Pema Lingpa in the 15th century and categorized in the 17th century by Tenzin Rabgye, the 4th Druk Desi—the title given to rulers; it means “thunder dragon” in reference to Bhutan. Each work of art contains the same principles, symbolisms and ideologies that make this practice so ancestral, but the artist inevitably leaves a print of their own style, which contributes to the uniqueness of the piece.
• However, one important aspect of Bhutanese art is that it is always anonymous. If a work of art bears a name, it is usually the name of the person who commissioned it, not the artist’s, because the importance of the craft lies in the craft itself, not in those who produce it. Art speaks for itself, the same as each representation of belief and value. Thus, these objects decorate every home, temple, and street. The ornaments are used every day as simple, yet beautiful tools. Colors permeate every aspect of the paintings, woodwork, sculptures, and embroideries that depict deities, sacred animals and other relevant imagery.

13 BHUTANESE ARTS & CRAFTS

1. Lhazo - Bhutanese Wall Paintings

2. Jimzo - Sculpting

3. Shingzo - Wood Carving

4. Parzo - Carving

5. Dezo - Papermaking

6. Dozo - Masonry

7. Shagzo - Wood Turning

8. Thagzo - Weaving

9. Tshemzo - Embroidery

10. Lugzo - Casting

11. Tsharzo - Cane Weaving

12. Garzo - Blacksmithing

13. Troeko - Metal Ornaments

SOUTHEAST ASIAN ART

LAOTIAN ART

• Laos
• The only landlocked country in Southeast Asia
• arts influenced by Theravada Buddhism and Hinduism
• ceramics, Buddhist sculptures and lao music

Lao Buddhist sculptures

• Were created in a variety of material including:
• Gold, silver and most often bronze.
• Brick-and-mortar
• Wood
• Phya Vat
• Phra Keo (The Emerald Buddha) serves as the palladium of the Kingdom of Thailand, and resides at the Grand Palace in Bangkok.
• Phra Phutta Butsavarat also enshrined in its own chapel at the Grand Palace in Bangkok
  • VAT MANOROM
  • PHRA BANG
  • PAK OU CAVES
• Near Pak Ou (mouth of the Ou river) the Tham Ting (lower cave) and the Tham Theung (upper cave) are near Luang Prabang, Laos.
• magnificent group of caves that are only accessible by boat, about two hours upstream from the center of Luang Prabang.
• noted for their impressive Buddhist and Lao style sculptures carved into the cave walls, and hundreds of discarded Buddhist figures laid out over the floors and wall shelves.

THAI ART

• Thai traditional arts have numerous distinctive qualities which make them easily distinguishable
• Traditional Thai paintings showed subjects in two dimensions without perspective.
• Corrado Feroci known as a “Father of thai modern art” he is a sculptor with a thai name Silpa Bhirasi who made Victory Monument.
• Chalermchai Kositpipat is a visual artist, his works have been exhibited worldwide and known for his use of Buddhist imagery in his art. Architecture, the style is unique and very memorable with its bright colors, rich ornamentation and sweeping, multi-tiered roofs, the temple and palace architecture of Thailand is immediately identifiable.
• Prasat Hin Phimai is one of the famous architecture in Thailand build between 11th-12th century.
• Sukhothai Kingdom, Buddha images of the Sukhothai period which is 14th century are elegant, with sinuous bodies and slender, oval faces
• This period saw the introduction of the “walking Buddha post”

CAMBODIAN ART

• The history of Cambodian art (Khmer: សិល្បៈខ្មែរ) stretches back centuries to ancient times, but the most famous period is undoubtedly the Khmer art of the Khmer Empire (802–1431)
• Traditional Cambodian arts and crafts include textiles, non-textile weaving, silversmithing, stone carving, lacquerware, ceramics, wat murals, and kite-making.
• Because the arts and crafts are part of the daily life of the Cambodian, most farmers have expanded their business by weaving silk, making silkworms and raising silkworms in order to produce silk. In recent years, the number of sculptors and painters has grown. In addition, a unique Khmer style art we see today is a combination of culture animistic beliefs which is originated by the religions of Hinduism and Buddhism of India.

 (ARTS)

TEXTILE WEAVING:

• The art of silk weaving in Cambodia has contributed together with history of the nation.
• There are two main types of Cambodian weaving.
• The ikat technique (Khmer: chong kiet) which produces patterned fabric and is quite complex.
• Cambodia's modern silk-weaving centers are Takéo, Battambang, Beanteay Meanchey, Siem Reap and Kampot provinces.
• The second weaving technique, unique to Cambodia, is called "uneven twill"
• This has provided employment for many rural women. Cambodian silk is generally sold domestically, where it is used in sampot (wrap skirts), furnishings, and pidan (pictoral tapestries, but interest in international trade is increasing
• Cotton textiles have also played a significant role in Cambodian culture.
• Krama, the traditional check scarves worn almost universally by Cambodians, are made of cotton.

NON-TEXTILE WEAVING:

• Basket weaving or “tbanh kantrak”
• Most baskets are made of thinly cut bamboo.
• Mat weaving (tbanh kantuel) is a common seasonal occupation.
• Mats are commonly laid out for guests and are important building materials for homes.
• Wicker and rattan crafts (tbanh kanchoeu) made from dryandra trees are also significant

LAQUERWARE:

• The height of Cambodian traditional lacquerware was between the 12th and 16th centuries
• Khmer lacquer box; bamboo and wood {Lacquer vase}

CERAMICS:

• Cambodian pottery traditions date to 5000 BCE. Ceramics were mostly used for domestic purposes such as holding food and water.
• Glazed pottery with brown slip; Bayon period, 12th century
• An owl-shaped lime pot; Angkorian era, 12th-13th century
• A water jar, used as a container for water or food, Angkorian era
• Rabbit shaped glazed stoneware; Angkorian era, 11th-12th century

BLACKSMITHING:

• Archeological finds near Angkorian sites in the former Khmer empire have suggested a wide variety and quality of blacksmithing.
• Khmer weapons, as recorded in 1880, and still common among Khmer peasants to this day.
• A Khmer-style royal sword (preah khan).

SILVERSMITHING:

• Silversmithing in Cambodia dates back centuries.
• Silver was made into a variety of items, including weaponry, coins, ceremonial objects used in funerary and religious rituals, and betel boxes.
• A lotus-shaped Cambodian bowl (gold and silver alloy), made c. 1222 CE

STONE-CARVING:

• Cambodia's best-known stone carving adorns the temples of Angkor, which are "renowned for the scale, richness and detail of their sculpture".
• By the 1970s and 1980s, the craft of stone carving was nearly lost.
• A stone bas-relief at Bayon temple depicting the Khmer army at war with the Cham, carved c. 1200 CE
• A seated figure in a niche; 950-975 AD; made in the Bantey Srei style; Dallas Museum of Art
• A stone carving at Banteay Srei of goddess Tilottama, an
• Angkorian temple consecrated in 967 CE.

MURALS:

• The best-known surviving murals are at the Silver Pagoda in Phnom Penh, Wat Rajabo in Siem Reap province, and Wat Kompong Tralach Leu in Kompong Chhnang Province. In the last decade, wat murals have seen a resurgence, but Cambodia's surviving older murals are generally more refined and detailed.
• A mural of Gautama Buddha gaining nirvana; Wat Botum
• A Ramayana mural at Phnom Penh's Silver Pagoda

KITE-MAKING:

• Cambodia's kite-making and kite-flying tradition, which dates back many centuries, was revived in the early 1990s and is now extremely popular throughout the country.
• Khmer kites

ARCHITECTURES:

• They produce beautiful arts depicted as a bas-relief on the statues of the Khmer ancestors. Nowadays, due to the needs and demands of the tourists, you will find out the Cambodian arts are more into the design of the temples you see in Angkor complex.
• Angkor Wat - The Most Famous Cambodian Architecture
• Bayon Temple – The Cambodian Architecture of Mysterious Smiling
• Angkor Thom – The Impressive Cambodian Architecture
• Preah Vihear Temple - The Charming Cambodian Architecture
• Royal Palace - The Shining Cambodian Architecture

INDONESIAN ART

• The culture and art of Indonesia has been shaped by interaction between local indigenous customs and multiple foreign influences. Situated on the ancient maritime trading routes between the Near East and the Far East, Indonesia was exposed to a multitude of foreign cultural practices and religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam. The result is a complex fusion of many different customs, expressed in Indian art forms.
• Indonesia has a particularly rich tradition of Hindu–Buddhist sculpture and architecture, and it was strongly influenced by India from the 1st century CE onward.

ARCHITECTURES OF INDONESIA

KENYAH DAYAK LONGHOUSE IN EAST KALIMANTAN’S APO

• A Dayak longhouse isn’t just the focal point of a village: it is the village. These imposing structures, sometimes over 200 meters long, can contain dozens of separate family apartments, as well as public spaces for cooking, blacksmithing, ceremonies, and social life.
• Indigenous kenyah paint design based on, as commonly found among Austronesian cultures, endemic natural motifs such as ferns, trees, dog, hornbills and human figures.

BOROBUDUR TEMPLE

• Most notable are the hundreds of meters of relief sculpture at the temple of Borobudur in central Java. It tells the story of the life of Buddha and illustrate his teachings. The temple was originally home to 504 statues of the seated buddha.
• There are hundreds of meters of relief sculpture at the temple of Borobudur in central Java. It tells the story of the life of Buddha and illustrate his teachings. The temple was originally home to 504 statues of the seated buddha.

PRAMBANAN TEMPLE

• Near Borobudur is the 9th century temple complex of Prambanan, one of theoldest and largest Hindu temples in Southeast Asia. The complex consists of eight main shrines, surrounded by 224 smaller ones. The Indian influence on the building is unmistakable, not only in the architectural style but also in the stone reliefs featuring scenes from the Hindu epic Ramayana, which adorn the outer walls of the main temples.

SCULPTURES

• Megalithic sculptures have been discovered in several sites in Indonesia. Wood and stone are common materials used as the media for sculpting among these tribes. Between the 8th to 15th century, Javanese civilization has developed a refined stone sculpting art and architecture which was influenced by Hindu-Buddhist Dharmic civilization.
• Stone and bronze sculpture flourished between the 8th and 10th century CE under the Sailendra dynasty in Java and Bali. These sculptures were either free-standing statues or relief sculptures and friezes incorporated into temples; they are characterized by their delicacy and serenity of expression.
• Bronze Maitreya statue
• Architectural fragment with a demon's head; 13th-14th century; Philadelphia Museum of Art (USA)
• Roro Jonggrang statue; 10th century from Java, Indonesia; Indian and South East Asian Art.
• The Sleeping Buddha
• Prajnaparamita of Java statue from East Java

WOOD CARVINGS

• The art of wood carving is quite well-developed in Indonesia. Tribal arts of Asmat, Batak, Dayak, Nias, and Toraja area is well known for its refined wood carving culture
• Mas village near Ubud in Bali is renowned for its wood carving art. Balinese woodcarving today has a sustained tourist market in Bali.
• Mask (HudoqLate 19th–early 20th century
• Kenyah Wood, Borneo, Indonesia
• The Nias adu zatua

QU’RAN

• The Quran also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God (Allah). It is widely regarded as the finest work in classical Arabic literature. It is organized in 114 chapters which consist of verses.

ARTS AND CRAFTS

• Modern Indonesia painters use a wide variety of style and themes.
• Indonesian painting before the 19th century is mostly restricted to the decorative arts, considered to be a religious and spiritual activity, comparable to the pre-1400 European art.
• Balinese paintings are initially the narrative images to depict scenes of Balinese legends and religious scripts.
• In 2018, scientists reported the discovery of the then-oldest known figurative art painting, over 40,000 (perhaps as old as 52,000) years old, of an unknown animal, in the cave of Lubang Jeriji Saléh on the Indonesian Island of Borneo.
• Pettakere Cave "Hand print paintings", The oldest known cave paintings are more than 44,000 years old, Maros, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
• Paintings depicting evil spirits in Indonesian mythology
• Javanese Temple in Ruins, 1860.
• Traditional Balinese painting depicting cockfighting.
• Painting from the Ramayana story, where the king Sugriva kills his opponent Subali. Ida Bagoes Togog
• Linga Bawa Shiva's painting is based on the symbolism of the linga and yoni. I. Goesti Molog

BALINESE ART

• Art of Hindu- Javanese origin that grew from the work of artisans of the Majapahit Kingdom, with their expansion to Bali in the late 13th century.
• From the 16th until 20th centuries the village of Kamasan, Klungkung,( East Bali ), was the center of classical Balinese art developed.
• During the 1st part of 20th century, new varieties are of Balinese art developed.
• Late 20th century, Ubud and its neighboring villages established a reputation or as the center of Balinese Art.

TRADITIONAL BALINESE PAINTING: COCKFIGHTING by Ketut Ginarsa

• Ubud and Batuan known for their paintings.

BATUBULAN FOR THEIR STONE CARVINGS.

• “ A highly developed although informal Baroque folk art that combines the peasants liveliness with the refinement of classicism of Hinduistic Java, but free conservative prejudice and with a new vitality fired by the exuberance of the demonic spirit of the tropical primitive “.

Covarrubias

• “ Balinese art is actually carved, painted woven, and prepared into objects intended for everyday use rather than as object d’ art.

Eiseman

• In the 1920s, the arrival of the western artist had a very little influence on the Balinese until the post WWII period although there are same accounts over emphasize by the western presence at the expense of recognizing Balinese creativity.
• Bali became an artist enclave (as Tahiti was Paul Gauguin).

Adrien Jean le Mayeur

• Arie Smit
• Donald Friend
• Walter Spies
• The Merry-go-round
• In Bali in the mid-1930s, Bateson and Mead collected over 2000 paintings, predominantly from the village of Batuan.
• [39] Among western artists, Spies and Bonnet are often credited for the modernization of traditional Balinese Paintings.
• 1950
• Balinese artists incorporated aspects of perspective and anatomy of these artist.

VIETNAMESE ART

Vietnamese

• Encompasses art created in Vietnam or by Vietnamese artists, from ancient times to the present. Vietnamese art has a long and rich history. Clay pottery of the Neolithic Age dates as far back as 8,000 B.C.E. Decorative elements from ceramics of the Bronze Age were used to ornament large, elaborately-incised bronze cast drums of the Dong Son culture that flourished in North Vietnam
• Dong Son Drums is a type of ancient bronze drum created by the Đông Sơn culture that existed in the Red River Delta.
• The Nguyen dynasty, the last ruling dynasty of Vietnam (1802-1945), saw a renewed in ceramics and porcelain art
• -Ancient Architecture in Vietnamese from Ly Dynasty
• Ly dynasty
• opened the new change for architecture during developing feudal state.

Vietnamese Calligraphy

• has had a long history in Vietnam, previously using Chinese characters along with chu nom.
• Quốc ngữ
• a Lunar New Year banner written in Vietnamese calligraphy; the Quốc ngữ syllables

PHILIPPINE ART

WHAT IS PHILIPPINE ART?

• Philippines has had a rich history.
• Various art genres have arisen in the Philippine art scene over time.
• Employed art not only for daily activities but also for religious ceremonies and customs.
• Pottery, weaving, carving, metalwork, and jewelry

POTTERY

• Pottery produced items that are of practical value for the early Filipinos, such as pots for cooking and large vases for storing.
• Said to be one of the earliest art forms used by early Filipino people.
• One of the most prominent artifacts related to pottery Manunggul Jar found in Palawan.

MANUNGGUL JAR

• Represent the religious beliefs and practices of early Filipino People.
• Serves as a burial jar, which depicts two men rowing a boat.
• reflects their belief in afterlife-the crossing of the body of water is a transition from life here on earth unto the next.

WEAVING

• a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth.
• People from Cordillera are one of the famous artisans of weaving.
• Lang Dulay
• T’nalak
• Eliza Chawi

LANG DULAY

• A Filipino traditional weaver who was a recipient of the National Living Treasures Award.
• She is credited with preserving her people's tradition of weaving T'nalak, a dyed fabric made from refined abaca fibre.

T’NALAK

• Weaving tradition of the T'boli people of South Cotabato, Philippines.
• T'nalak cloth are woven from abacá fibers.
• The traditional female weavers are known as dream weavers, because the pattern of the t'nalak cloth are inspired by their dreams.
• They use this particular cloth to make ornaments, which also represent their beliefs through symbols.
• One example is the image of the frog, which is their representation for fertility.

ELIZA CHAWI

• The oldest weaver of traditional Kankanaey cloth in the Cordilleras

WOOD CARVING

• Woodcarvings from Palawan also depict animals like birds, which are representations of their religious beliefs.
• In Mindanao, the Tausug and Maranao people are known for their okir. Their common subjects include the sarimanok, naga and the pako rabong.
• Each subject is a representation of symbols depict their beliefs as a people.
• The Okir (motif) is an exclusive artistic cultural heritage of the Maranaos of Lanao, Philippines.
• It is as an artistic design of the Maranao native inhabitants of southern Philippines beginning from the early 6th Century C.E. before the Islamization of the area.
• Pako Rabong
• Sarimanok

PAKO RABONG

• An ancient indigenous form of the Maranaw artistic design is the Pako rábong. The "pakô", or "piyako", refers to the beautiful motif that copied from "Salimbayan-pilipit" design of the leaf. It literally means "sumisibol o yumayabong na pakô."
• It is often used in clothes and fabrics laid out as décor indoors. It was also designed with gold and silver jewelry.

SARIMANOK

• The Sarimanok is the legendary bird that has become an ubiquitous symbol of Maranao art.
• It is depicted as a fowl with colorful wings and feathered tail, holding a fish on its beak or talons.
• The head is profusely decorated with scroll, leaf, and spiral motifs.
• It is said to be a symbol of good fortune

HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE ART

SPOLIARIUM

• Large-scale academic painting garnered a gold medal and signified that the reformists could come at par with their European counterparts.
• At the same time, Luna’s win signaled the start of the Filipino’s call for equality.
• As modern paintings started to emerge, a triumvirate of artist was formed
  • CARLOS FRANCISCO
  • GALO B. OCAMPO
  • VICTORIO EDADES

José Honorato Lozano

• Was a Filipino Asian Antiquities artist who was born in 1815.
• Known today as the visual chronicler and ethnographic painter par excellence of life in the Philippines in the second and third quarters of the 19th Century.
• He is also renowned as the father of the art form known as Letras y Figuras - literally 'Letters and Figures.' Mostly watercolors on Manila paper, these artworks depict views of quotidian Philippine life in the 19th century.
• Paintings of Jose Honorato Lozano has clear indication of East and West influence.

What is Kut-kut art?

• Kut-kut art is another technique of combining ancient Oriental and European art process.
• It is considered a lost art and highly collectible art form. Very few known art pieces existed today.
• The technique was practiced by the indigenous people of Samar Island between early 1600 and late 1800.

MODERN SCULPTURES

• It is notable that when modernism was introduced in the Philippines in the late 1920s, the practice of figurative painting using pigments on a two- dimensional surface was just over a hundred years old.
• Spanish Colonial Period art forms
• Sculpture of saints replaced the anito carvings during the 17th century.

Juan De Los Santos

• The earliest known sculptor in the Philippines is the 17th century sacristan, sculptor and silversmith.
• few of his extant works may be found at the San Agustin Convent museum.
• One of his famous work is the “Retablo”.
• Retablo
• This “retablo” (altarpiece) was executed in 1617 by the carver Juan de los Santos, as the main altarpiece of San Agustin Church in Manila.
• This “retablo” shows the symmetry of Renaissance architecture, and the broken arch pediment in the upper part the influence of mannerist style.
• The original wood gilded image of “santos” (Saints) that filled the niches were stolen by the British in 1762, and the North American soldiers in 1898. Some of the “santos” that are actually in the niches, were donated in 1971 by Enrique Santamaría; others came from the Augustinian Monastery of Cebú.

MODERN SCULPTURES: 19TH CENTURY

• Filipino sculptors came to be known in the middle of 19th Century.
• Classical Philippine sculpture reached its peak in the works of Guillermo Tolentino (1890-1976).

Guillermo Tolentino

• He is consider as the “Father of Philippine Arts” because of his great works like the famous “Bonifacio Monument” symbolizing Filipinos cry for freedom located in intersection of EDSA and Rizal Avenue and “The Oblation” in UP signifying academic freedom.
• represents the National Artist Awards for Sculpture in 1973.

Bonifacio Monument

• It was built way back November 30, 1933.
• It was designed by the National Artist Guillermo Tolentino to commemorate Philippine revolutionary Andrés Bonifacio, the founder and Supremo of the Katipunan.

Napoleon Abueva

• Recognized as the “Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture”, Abueva helped shape the local sculpture scene to what it is now.
• Was the youngest National Artist awardee.
• He used almost all kinds of materials for his sculptures such as hard wood, adobe, metal, stainless steel, cement, marble, bronze, iron, alabaster, coral and brass.

Fredesvinda

• It was included in the 1st ASEAN Sculpture symposium at Fort Canning Hill, Singapore, and has been there ever since.
• The Fredesvinda was nicknamed 'The Ship of ASEAN' as its structure represent the skeleton of a ship.
• It also symbolises ASEAN unity and cooperation.

ARCHITECTURE

• The architecture of the classical period of the Philippines is based on vernacular architecture for most of its centuries and Islamic architecture in some coastal areas at the south, plus the interior of Lanao, after the 13th century.
• Ancient Filipinos lived in big settlements along sheltered bays, coastal areas, and mouths of rivers.
• The roof of the first Philippine houses, nipa huts, or bahay kubo, were high pitched and usually open gabled to allow for ventilation.

Bahay Kubo

• The Bahay Kubo is the native house of the Philippines and is also considered as its national shelter.
• These houses were elevated three to four meters of the ground, supported by wood or bamboo. The structure was usually four-walled with tukod windows.

Bagubo and Kalinga

• In the ancient times, early Filipinos lived in houses which were made of wood, bamboo, and palm leaves. All houses had a ladder which could be drawn up at night. They also have a place under their house where they keep rice, chickens, and firewood.
• people used this type of house for protection from enemies and wild animals on the ground.

FAMOUS PHILIPPINE ARTISTS

Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo (1855-1913)

• Félix Resurrección Hidalgo y Padilla was a Filipino artist.
• He is acknowledged as one of the greatest Filipino painters of the late 19th century
• Hidalgo won a silver medal for his entry in large canvas, Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace (Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho) at the Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts.
• In 1984 Madrid Exposition, he set up residence in Paris to serve a quieter life.
• He painted Charon’s Boat and Oedipus and Antigone.
• Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuertas al Populacho (Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace)
• The painting was a silver medalist during the 1884 Exposicion General de Bellas Artes in Madrid, Spain, also known as the Madrid Exposition.
• Regarded as one of the national treasures of the Philippines, a copy of the painting is part of the art collection of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank of the Philippines).
• The original was destroyed in a fire at the University of Valladolid in Spain

La barca de Aqueronte (Charon’s Boat)

• Is an 1887 oil on canvas and allegorical painting by award-winning Filipino painter Félix Resurrección Hidalgo.
• The work was a gold medalist during the Exposicion General de las Filipinas in Madrid.
• Oedipus Y Antigone (Oedipus and Antigone)
• Also won an award
• His Sunrise (1985) revealed his ingenuity in painting landscape and seascapes
• Barcos... en el Horizonte , 1893
• Seascape
• The Artist’s Mother
• was one of the two portraits he did for his mother in Paris.
• Félix Resurrección Hidalgo, Portrait of the Artist's Mother, 1897, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas

Juan Luna (1857-1899)

• Juan Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta was a Filipino painter, sculptor and a political activist of the Philippine Revolution during the late 19th century.
• He became one of the first recognized Philippine artists.
• He won a gold medal in the 1984 Madrid Expositionof Fine Arts, along with the silver win of fellow Filipino painter Félix Resurrección Hidalgo, which prompted a celebration that was a major highlight in the memoirs of members of the Propaganda Movement, with the fellow Ilustrados toasting to the two painters' good health and to the brotherhood between Spain and the Philippines.

Ensueños de Amor (Daydreams of Love)

• A "dreamy" oil on wood painting by Filipino painter and revolutionary activist Juan Luna. It depicts Luna's wife Maria de la Paz Pardo de Tavera while sound asleep.
• It is currently a part of the art collection of the Lopez Museum.

Tampuhan

• An 1895 classic oil on canvas impressionist painting by Filipino painter and revolutionary activist Juan Luna.
• It depicts a Filipino man and a Filipino woman having a lovers' quarrel.

Lady with Guitar

• It was painted shortly after he was granted pardon by Alfonso XIII for his involvement in the Philippine Revolution.

Hymen, oh Hyménée! 

• a painting by Filipino painter Juan Luna. Luna, working on canvas, started in 1886 and later completed in 1887 during the artist's honeymoon in Venice after his wedding to Paz Pardo de Tavera. The painting was submitted by Luna to the Exposition Universelle in 1889 in Paris, France, where it garnered a bronze medal. The picture recreates a scene of a Roman wedding ritual specifically the bride's entrance into the groom's home.

Fernando Amorsolo (1892-1972)

• Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto was one of the most important artists in the history of painting in the Philippines.
• Amorsolo was a portraitist and painter of rural Philippine landscapes. He is popularly known for his craftsmanship and mastery in the use of light.
• National Artist Awardee.
• In his golden years (1920-1945), he reaped various honors.
• went to Madrid in 1917 to study museum classics after receiving a scholarship grant from a rich businessman named Enriquez Zobel.
• He exhibited 40 of his genres and landscape at the Art Center of New York World’s Fair where he was acclaimed the best popular vote.
• Armorsolo was also appointed Director of the School of Fine Arts of the University of the Philippines.
• He also did splendid illustration work in Graphics, Liwayway, Sunday Tribune, Tagalog novels such as Madaling Araw and Parusa ng Bayan, and posters and brochures.

Fernando Amorsolo with His Wife Portrait

• Fernando Amorsolo with a portrait of his first wife, Salud Tolentino Jorge, who died in 1931 leaving him with six children. This beautiful painting, believed to have been lost or destroyed during the war, is one of his best

El Ciego (The Blind Man)

• An interior scene of a blind man gently strumming a guitar as a woman leans in towards him with an adoring gaze.

The Burning of Manila

• The Burning of Manila was painted by Fernando Amorsolo, a famous Filipino painter.
• This artwork depicts the idea how the Manila is devastated during that time.
• This painting shows the Battle of Manila happened during the Japanese era, he depicted the tragedy and horror in this battle.

Antipolo Fiesta

• This oil painting on canvas depicts a rural scene where a group of people are shown celebrating a fiesta in Antipolo.
• The main focus is on a pair of dancers in the field surrounded by revelers both young and old.

Dalagang Bukid

• Amorsolo originally painted Dalagang Bukid in 1958 in oil on canvas. The painting bears his smiling muse, who is wearing baro't saya and carrying a banga (clay jar).

Vicente Manansala (1910-1981)

• Vicente Silva Manansala was a Filipino cubist painter and illustrator.
• He was a member of the prominent Cruz, Manansala, Lopez family clan.
• He is considered one of the 13 Moderns, a group of modernists associated with Victorio Edades.
• He was given a posthumous recognition as a National Artist 1982.

Madonna of the Slums

• Madonna of the Slums is a portrayal of a mother and child from the countryside who became urban shanty residents once in the city.

Give Me This Dairy (1981)

• This artwork was done in 1981 same year that Manansala became National Artist for Visual Arts and also the year wherein he died. He invested each human figure with inner fortitude, making each one a stoic figure of human dignity.

Carlos “Botong” V. Francisco (1912-1969)

• One of the best mural artist the country was ever had.
• He created enormous canvasses that chronicled the mythical world of the Filipino and its history, often seeking inspiration from tradition, folklore, myths, legends, and customs.
• He also painted vital events in Philippine History.

Bayanihan

• Bayanihan means being a hero to one another. As in the classic tradition of carrying a house. It is probably most clearly and impressively displayed in the old tradition of neighbors helping a relocating family by getting enough volunteers to carry the whole house, and literally moving it to its new location.

Filipino Struggles Through History

• Filipino Struggles Through History was a commissioned for the Manila City Government in 1964 during the mayoral tenure of Antonio Villegas. And was installed at the Bulwagang Katipunan
• On April 8, 1996, the artwork was declared a National Cultural Treasure by then National Museum director Gabriel S. Casal.

 Kaingin

• Winning the first prize at the first competition of the Art Association of the Philippines in 1948 through this entry.
• The First Mass in the Philippines

Mauro Malang Santos (1928)

• Mauro (Malang) Santos, commonly known as just Malang, is a Filipino cartoonist and illustrator.
• He was born on January 20, 1928, in Santa Cruz, the Philippine Islands and, at the age of 19, dropped out of formal education in order to begin working in the art department of the Manila Chronicle.
• In the 1960’s, he emerged as a serious artist with a knack in abstract painting.
• His illustration of Ang Kiukok formed the basis of a style in its enumeration of images, range of warm colors, and evocation of joyous parochialism.
• Mauro "Malang" Santos Collaboration (1928 - 2017) Fruit Vendor , 1997
• Bird Mountain , 1988
• The Kiukok

Jose Joya (1931- 1995)

• graduated as a Magna Cum Laude at the University of the Philippines in 1953.
• He was also a recipient of the fullbright Scholarship at the Cranbrook Academy of Art in 1957.
• By the late 1950s, he had immerses himself on new idioms of contemporary art through the print media and regular exhibitions at the Philippine Art Gallery.
• In the 1960s, he started to apply paint more thinly on canvas; the form grew increasingly geometric with circles as the main motifs.
• Granadean Arabesque, 1958 (Ateneo Art Gallery Collection)
• Jose Joya (1931 - 1995) Mirage , 1975

ADDITIONAL INFOS (PICTURES CANNOT BE FOUND ON GOOGLE):

• Cadmium Red Square and Binhi, both created in 1971, represented Joya’s shift to decorative painting-more dramatic in style and the visual tensions visible.

FAMOUS PHILIPPINE COMPOSERS

Col. Antonio Buenaventura (1904-1996)

• Obtained a Teacher’s Diploma in Composition and Conducting from the University of the Philippines and later on became a faculty member of the UP Conservatory of Music.
• In 1937, he was commissioned into the military service and later became music instructor and band conductor of the PMA in Baguio City.
• He reorganized the world famous Philippine Constabulary
• Band and appointed as assistant conductor of Manila Symphony Orchestra and was a member of the UP President’s Committee on Folk Songs and Dances.
• Composed short piano pieces, hymns and songs, pieces, and theater music.

Lucrecia R. Kasilag (1917-2008)

• Obtained a Music Teacher’s Diploma major in Piano from St. Scholastica’s University in 1949.
• Was scholarship grantee of the Fullbright Foundation at the Eastman School of Music degree major in theory and minor in composition.
• Became the administrator of the Cultural Center of the Philippines.

Felipe Padilla (1912-1992)

• Felipe Padilla de Leon was a composer, conductor and a former student of Col. Buenaventura at the UP Conservatory of Music.
• After Graduation in 1939, he was appointed assistant instructor at the UP Department of Science and Composition where he taught history and music subjects.
• technical assistant on cultural affairs in the Office of the President of the Philippines.
• Was President of the Filipino Society of composers, Authors, and Publishers.
• President of the Pambansang Samahan ng mga Banda sa Pilipinas and the Diwa ng Nuweba Esih.
• Trustee of the Music Promotion Foundation of the Philippines;
• Director of the SONGFEST Philippines and the Felin Institute of the Philippines.

Antonio Molina (1894- 1980)

• born in 1894,
• faculty member of the UP Conservatory of Music where he taught harmony, compositions, and music history as well as violoncello.
• a conductor in the concert stage of various schools, church, choirs, orchestra, bands, and rondallas.
• composed the zarzuela Ate Maria and hatinggabi.
• was member of the UP President’s Committee on Filipino Folksongs and Dances and Secretary of the Conservatory of Music.
• received honors as a conductor of the Monserrat Philharmonic Band, the Yellow Taxi Orchestra, and Yellow Taxi Rondalla and the operas Madame Butterfly, La Giaconda, La Fuerza del Destino, and Cavalleria Rusticana.

Lucio D. San Pedro (1912-2002)

• born in 1913
• married to Gertudes Diaz and had 5 children.
• During his graduation in Grade VII, he played the Poet and Peasant Overture on the banjo.
• started composing songs in college and conducted the UP ROTC Band.
• was assistant conductor and later, conductor of the Musical Philippines Philharmoni Orchestra and a musical presented at the Metropolitan Theatre.
• won many prizes for his works
• was connected with major conservatories in the country and wrote sacred and secular vocal music, overtures, tones, poems, symphonic poems, and quartets.