Control and Coordination

Nervous system in animals

Central nervous system

1. Spinal cord

   it is the main connection from the brain to the rest of the nerves in the body

   reflex action: the process of detecting and responding to a stimulus Quickly is known as reflex action

   Reflex arc: the path of impulse from receptor through relay neuron to the effector is known as reflex arc.

   Stimulus > receptor > relay neuron > effector > response 

   Although this process takes place in the spinal cord, this information is stored in the brain for future reference.

   Why is this system necessary?

   Because the thought process is too slow

2. Human brain

   The human brain is the thinking center of the body 

   It is the duty of the brain to think about our actions and instruct the appropriate response to the stimulus. It send the instructions to the muscles cells which act according to the need. 

   The brain has Many duties. In order to simplify the work, different parts do different activities in the brain 

   It is divided into :

   1. Forebrain:

      includes: cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus and pituitary gland

      Main thinking part of the brain

      Separate areas for sensory impulses

      separate areas for sight, smell, hunger, hearing, etc.

      hypo thalamus is responsible for informimg us how hungry or full we are.

   2. Midbrain

      Connects the mid- and fore- brain

      responible for auditory and visual reflex

   3. Hindbrain

      Cerebellum: responsible for precision of voluntary actions and for balance and posture

      medulla oblongata: control of involuntary actions

      Pons vaolli

1. Peripheral nervous system

2. Neurons