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learning and motivation chapter 8

  • extinction: nonreinforcement of a previously reinforced response, the result of which is a decrease in the strength of the response

    • procedure: nonreinforcement of a previously reinforced response

    • process: resultant decrease in response strength

  • side effects of extinction

    • extinction burst: temporary increase in frequency and intensity of responding when extinction is first implemented

    • increase in variability

    • emotional behavior: frustration

    • aggression

    • resurgence: reappearance during extinction of other behaviors that had once been effective in obtaining reinforcement

    • depression

  • resistance to extinction: responding persists after an extinction procedure has been implemented

    • schedule of reinforcement. partial reinforcement effect says that behavior on a partial schedule will extinguish slower than behavior on a continuous schedule

    • history of reinforcement: the more reinforcers an individual has received for a behavior, the greater the resistance to extinction

    • magnitude of reinforcer: large-magnitude reinforcers result in greater resistance to extinction than small-magnitude reinforcers

    • degree of deprivation: greater the level of deprivation, the greater the resistance to extinction

    • previous experience with extinction: when sessions of extinction are alternated with sessions of reinforcement, the greater the number of prior exposures to extinction, the quicker the behavior will extinguish during subsequent exposures

    • distinctive signal for extinction: extinction is greatly facilitated when there is a distinctive stimulus that signals the onset of extinction

  • spontaneous recovery: reappearance of an extinguished response following a rest period after extinction

  • differential reinforcement of other behavior: extinguishing the target behavior and reinforcement the occurrence of a replacement behavior

    • ex: functional communication training with jonah from tiktok

  • stimulus control: presence of a discriminative stimulus reliably affects the probability of the behavior

    • at red lights we stop

  • stimulus generalization: tendency for an operant response to be emitted in the presence of a stimulus that is similar to the responding stimulus

  • generalization gradient: graphic description of the strength of responding in the presence of stimuli that are similar to the sd and that vary along a continuum

  • stimulus discrimination: tendency for an operant response to be emitted more in the presence of one stimulus than another

  • discrimination training: involves reinforcement of responding in the presence of one stimulus and not another stimulus

    • discriminative stimulus for extinction: stimulus that signals the absence of reinforcement

  • peak shift effect: peak of a generalization gradient following discrimination training will shift from the sd to a stimulus that is further removed from the striangle

learning and motivation chapter 8

  • extinction: nonreinforcement of a previously reinforced response, the result of which is a decrease in the strength of the response

    • procedure: nonreinforcement of a previously reinforced response

    • process: resultant decrease in response strength

  • side effects of extinction

    • extinction burst: temporary increase in frequency and intensity of responding when extinction is first implemented

    • increase in variability

    • emotional behavior: frustration

    • aggression

    • resurgence: reappearance during extinction of other behaviors that had once been effective in obtaining reinforcement

    • depression

  • resistance to extinction: responding persists after an extinction procedure has been implemented

    • schedule of reinforcement. partial reinforcement effect says that behavior on a partial schedule will extinguish slower than behavior on a continuous schedule

    • history of reinforcement: the more reinforcers an individual has received for a behavior, the greater the resistance to extinction

    • magnitude of reinforcer: large-magnitude reinforcers result in greater resistance to extinction than small-magnitude reinforcers

    • degree of deprivation: greater the level of deprivation, the greater the resistance to extinction

    • previous experience with extinction: when sessions of extinction are alternated with sessions of reinforcement, the greater the number of prior exposures to extinction, the quicker the behavior will extinguish during subsequent exposures

    • distinctive signal for extinction: extinction is greatly facilitated when there is a distinctive stimulus that signals the onset of extinction

  • spontaneous recovery: reappearance of an extinguished response following a rest period after extinction

  • differential reinforcement of other behavior: extinguishing the target behavior and reinforcement the occurrence of a replacement behavior

    • ex: functional communication training with jonah from tiktok

  • stimulus control: presence of a discriminative stimulus reliably affects the probability of the behavior

    • at red lights we stop

  • stimulus generalization: tendency for an operant response to be emitted in the presence of a stimulus that is similar to the responding stimulus

  • generalization gradient: graphic description of the strength of responding in the presence of stimuli that are similar to the sd and that vary along a continuum

  • stimulus discrimination: tendency for an operant response to be emitted more in the presence of one stimulus than another

  • discrimination training: involves reinforcement of responding in the presence of one stimulus and not another stimulus

    • discriminative stimulus for extinction: stimulus that signals the absence of reinforcement

  • peak shift effect: peak of a generalization gradient following discrimination training will shift from the sd to a stimulus that is further removed from the striangle

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