Energy

ENERGY

  • From the greek word “energia” – “activity”

  • The ability or strength of something to perform a function and make change to itself and its surrounding

  • Law of Conservation states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed and can only be transfer. Energy can only be converted or transferred into another form but can never be destroy nor created.

  • Joules - unit of energy in the International System Units

Types of Energy

Kinetic Energy

  • Kinetic energy is the energy of an object at motion (energy of motion simply)

  • There’s two ways of measuring kinetic energy

    • The work done to put the object in motion

    • The work the object will do in coming to rest

The work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.

  • Kinetic energy is transferred between the objects during collision

Potential Energy

  • Energy stored in an object due to its position in a Gravitational Field

  • Also known as “Gravitational Potential energy”

When an object is raised higher in a gravitational field, the potential energy of an object increases. When it falls, the stored potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.

Forms of Energy

The form of energy doesn't really change, it's just manifested or stored in a different way.

Mechanical Energy

  • Mechanical energy is the sum of potential and kinetic energy

  • Form of energy familiar in object and machines

  • Combination of motion and position-related energy

Electrical Energy

  • Energy from electromagnetic interactions

  • It is associated with the electric charge and transmitted through power lines

  • Can be converted into kinetic energy and thermal energy

Gravitational Energy

  • The energy of an object due to its position in a gravitational field

  • When you raise an object higher in a gravitational field it will gain more potential energy and when released, the amount potential energy will be converted into equal amount of kinetic energy

Magnetic Energy

  • Energy formed with the alignment of charged particles within a magnetic field

  • Energy is stored in a magnetic field

  • Objects with magnetic properties generates magnetic field e.g. Earth's magnetic field which protects us from cosmic radiation

Chemical Energy

  • Energy involved in a chemical reaction

  • Released in a chemical reaction called oxidation

  • Oxidation - this process in which a substance loses electrons, this process break down chemical energy and releases energy that can be harnessed.

    • For example: In cellular processes where glucose undergo oxidation to generate energy for the living cell

Ionization Energy

  • Potential energy that binds electron to its atom or molecule

  • How tightly an electron is binded to an atom

  • Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from its atom.

A strong electron-nucleus attraction requires more energy to remove an electron from the nucleus of an atom

Nuclear Energy

  • Form of energy from the atom that includes nucleus and nuclear interactions

  • Nuclear Interactions

    • Nuclear fission - split of nucleus of heavy atoms such as uranium and plutonium into smaller fragments. It releases energy as a form of heat or steam that is then harnessed with a wind turbine. It also releases neutrons that trigger nuclear fissions nearby. It leaves carbon footprint

    • Nuclear fussion - emerging of light atomic nuclei to form heavier atomic nucleus

Chromodynamic

  • Potential energy that binds quarks to form hadrons such as protons and neutrons

Elastic Energy

  • The potential energy, stress or force stored in a stretched object when stressed. Ability of it to return to its original state or shape when stretch is released

Mechanical wave

  • Kinetic and potential energy due to oscillation of an object

  • Propagates through a medium (solid, liquid, gas)

Sound wave

  • Kinetic and potential energy due to a sound propagated wave

  • Sound travels on mediums like air as well as liquids and solids

  • It is the result of vibration of particles that creates compression in a medium that generates a pattern of energy that go through our ears

Radiant

  • Energy that travels through vacuum such as light as well as other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum

Rest

  • Energy an object possesses due to its mass when it is at rest

Thermal

  • Kinetic energy associated with the random motion of an atom or molecule in a substance