Genes are inside of DNA sequences, compared to a recipe book, using one “recipe” (gene).

DNA is a set of instructions for carrying out all cell activities (proteins in the body)

46 chromosomes, and 23 pairs of chromosomes

every cell in your body contains the same genetic material in the form of molecule DNA

half your DNA comes from each parent

ATGC is the base sequence of DNA (nitrogenous bases)

DNA structured as a double helix

Chromatins turn into chromosomes when preparing for cell division

DNA is a “polymer”

polymer : a molecule made of repeating units

nucleotide is an organic molecule

Nucleotide is made of phosphate, nitrogenous base and deoxyribose sugar

DNA : deoxyribose, nucelic acid

RNA : ribose, nucelic acid

there are 4 different nitrogen-bases in DNA, they make up the genetic code

The complete DNA sequence in a cell is called a genome

CRSPR is a gene therapy, a genetic “pair of scissors” that can remove incorrect nitrogenous bases and correct them

A : Adenine, T : Thymine, G : Guanine, C : Cytosine

Nitrogenous Pairing A-T, G-C

DNA consists of two long chains of nucleotides, double helix

Watson and Crick won the novel prize for discovering DNA and Franklin is credited for discovering DNA structure

Watson and Crick stole her findings and won a nobel prize

Sides of a ladder made of phosphate and sugar

the rungs of a ladder is made of 2 nitrogen bases held together by hydrogen bonds

A&T have a double bond (2 hydrogen bonds)

C&G has three bonds (3 hydrogen bonds)

opposite sides of DNA are just the letters reversed (ex. side ATG, TAC, based off partnerships)

DNA controls protein synthesis (ex. hemoglobin carries oxygen in blood cells)

DNA determines the proteins that are made by the cell (structural proteins and enzymes)

DNA/RNA differences : ribose instead of deoxyribose, contains Uracil instead of Thymine, RNA is single stranded, not double stranded, used to “read” the DNA to create a protein