Periodic Table Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals - JEEPeriodic Table Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals - JEEUntitled Flashcards Set

Periodic Table Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals - JEE Comprehensive Study Guide

Please create a comprehensive test/flashcard set titled 'Periodic Table Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals - JEE' with the following specifications:

Include a mix of:

- Facts and definitions

- JEE Main and JEE Advanced previous year questions (PYQs)

- Conceptual MCQs

- Assertion-reason questions

- Higher-order thinking questions

- Mix Knowt's auto-generated questions with custom ones

- The test should reflect JEE Main and Advanced level difficulty

DETAILED CONTENT TO COVER:

1. GROUP 2 ELEMENTS:

- Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), Radium (Ra)

- Electronic configuration: [Noble gas] ns²

- General properties and position in periodic table

2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

- Atomic and ionic radii trends (increase down the group)

- Ionization energies (decrease down the group)

- First and second ionization energies

- Metallic character increases down the group

- Density trends

- Melting and boiling points

- Hardness decreases down the group

3. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

- Oxidation state: +2 (most stable)

- Reducing nature increases down the group

- Reactivity with water, acids, and oxygen

- Formation of ionic compounds

- Electronegativity decreases down the group

4. COMPOUNDS AND THEIR PROPERTIES:

Oxides (MO):

- Basic nature increases down the group

- BeO is amphoteric

- Thermal stability increases down the group

- Solubility in water

Hydroxides [M(OH)₂]:

- Be(OH)₂ is amphoteric

- Mg(OH)₂ is weakly basic

- Ca(OH)₂, Sr(OH)₂, Ba(OH)₂ are strongly basic

- Solubility increases down the group

- Thermal decomposition

Halides (MX₂):

- Ionic character increases down the group

- BeF₂, BeCl₂ are covalent

- Hydration enthalpies

- Solubility trends in water

- Thermal stability

Carbonates (MCO₃):

- Thermal stability increases down the group

- BeCO₃ doesn't exist in solid state

- Solubility decreases down the group

- Decomposition temperatures

Sulphates (MSO₄):

- Thermal stability increases down the group

- Solubility decreases down the group

- BeSO₄, MgSO₄ are highly soluble

- BaSO₄ is insoluble (used in qualitative analysis)

5. ANOMALOUS BEHAVIOR OF BERYLLIUM:

- Small size and high charge density

- Covalent bonding tendency

- Amphoteric oxide and hydroxide

- Does not form solid bicarbonate

- BeF₂ forms polymeric chains

- Diagonal relationship with aluminum

6. IMPORTANT REACTIONS:

- With water: M + 2H₂O → M(OH)₂ + H₂

- With acids: M + 2HCl → MCl₂ + H₂

- With oxygen: 2M + O₂ → 2MO

- Thermal decomposition of carbonates: MCO₃ → MO + CO₂

- Thermal decomposition of hydroxides: M(OH)₂ → MO + H₂O

7. FLAME COLORS:

- Calcium: Brick red

- Strontium: Crimson red

- Barium: Apple green

- Magnesium: Brilliant white

- Beryllium: No color

8. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE:

- Magnesium in chlorophyll

- Calcium in bones and teeth

- Role in enzyme activation

9. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS:

- Mg alloys in aerospace

- Ca in steel production

- Ba in X-ray imaging

- Be in nuclear reactors

10. QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS:

- Group II cations identification

- Precipitation reactions

- Confirmatory tests

INSTRUCTION FOR AI:

Create questions that test understanding of trends, exceptions, applications, and numerical problems. Include questions on lattice energies, hydration energies, and Born-Haber cycles. Generate assertion-reason questions comparing properties within the group and with other groups. Create higher-order questions involving multiple concepts and real-world applications suitable for JEE Main and Advanced levels.