Front: Trust vs. Mistrust
Back: 0-1 year
Front: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
Back: 1-3 years
Front: Initiative vs. Guilt
Back: 3-6 years
Front: Industry vs. Inferiority
Back: 6-12 years
Front: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Back: 12-18 years
Front: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Back: 18-40 years
Front: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Back: 40-65 years
Front: Integrity vs. Despair
Back: 65+ years
Front: Trust vs. Mistrust
Back: Infants learn to trust caregivers who provide reliability and care; neglect leads to mistrust.
Front: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
Back: Toddlers gain confidence by exploring; too much control or criticism causes self-doubt.
Front: Initiative vs. Guilt
Back: Children start taking initiative in play and decision-making; discouragement leads to guilt.
Front: Industry vs. Inferiority
Back: Success in school and social life builds confidence; repeated failure causes feelings of inferiority.
Front: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Back: Teens explore their identity and values; uncertainty can lead to confusion about who they are.
Front: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Back: Young adults form deep relationships; failure to connect with others leads to loneliness.
Front: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Back: Contributing to work, family, or community provides purpose; lack of engagement causes stagnation.
Front: Integrity vs. Despair
Back: Reflection on a meaningful life leads to wisdom; regret over past choices results in despair.