Forensic Nursing Science
Overview of Forensic Nursing Science
- Forensic nursing science has emerged as a distinctive discipline crucial for both the healthcare and justice systems.
- It integrates forensic sciences with nursing practices to address the needs of vulnerable populations in crisis.
- Forensic nursing is practiced by registered nurses at all levels, from generalists to advanced practitioners.
Role of Forensic Nurses
- Forensic nurses are trained to perform individual or group interventions, providing both scientific and humanitarian support.
- They focus on marginalized groups such as women, children, the damaged, and the disabled, offering protection against harm.
- Comprehensive functions of forensic nurses include:
- Clinical investigation of trauma and recovery.
- Medical evidence collection and assessment.
- Providing direct services to:
- Victims
- Suspects
- Perpetrators
- Witnesses of violence.
- Responsibilities entail:
- Identifying, assessing, intervening, and evaluating trauma and disease.
- Documenting findings and preserving evidence for legal cases to enhance patient care.
Interdisciplinary Role in Healthcare
- Forensic nursing formulates collaborative relationships in healthcare and legal sectors.
- Forensic nurses serve as influential partners, merging law enforcement with healthcare to address wider social issues.
- They embody shared intelligence, enhancing practice and research in their fields.
Violence and Health
- Violence and its resultant trauma are pervasive global health problems.
- Healthcare providers have a joint responsibility with legal entities to protect patients' rights, not just law enforcement.
Forensic Cases and Legal Perspectives
- Every trauma patient should be regarded as a forensic case until any questioning of liability is resolved.
- There was historically a divide wherein nurses were trained to focus solely on patients' stated injuries, leaving the investigation of underlying causes to law enforcement.
Evolution of Nursing's Role in Addressing Violence
- In 1979, the US Surgeon General's report "Healthy People" emphasized the need to address interpersonal violence impacting public health outcomes.
- Accountability for violence-related health issues was reiterated by US Surgeon General C. Everett Koop in 1989, linking public health professionals to the responsibility shared with law enforcement.
- The Surgeon General's workshop on violence and public health highlighted various forms of violence including:
- Domestic violence
- Child abuse
- Elder abuse
- Rape
- Homicide
- Traumatic accidents
- The assertion is made that "no segment of society can be considered immune" from the impact of violence.
Conclusion
- Forensic nursing science is integral in addressing both healthcare and legal issues.
- It challenges traditional boundaries and recognizes the nurse's role in identifying and acting upon instances of violence, ultimately aiming for improved health outcomes and justice for victims.