Sections of the small intestine in order: Duodenum, Jejunum, ileum

Large intestine= colon

Pepsin= enzyme secreted by the stomach that breaks down protein

Barium swallow= upper GI series- allows visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and upper portion of the small intestine using contrast medium

Ulcer = area of tissue that has eroded, leaving a crater-like appearance (Peptic ulcers are those ulcers found in the stomach and duodenum)

Dysentery is a general term for a group of GI disorders characterized by acute inflammation (Invasion of microorganisms into the lining of the colon causes dysentery)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common intestinal disorder -inflammation and lesions do not occur in IBS

Inguinal hernia= pouching of the small intestine and the peritoneum (abdominal cavity lining) into the groin area- symptoms include a bulge in the groin or scrotum and groin pain that increases with bending or lifting and is relieved by lying down( sudden pain, nausea, and vomiting, chances are the hernia has become strangulated- needs immediate surgery)

Hemorrhoids= varicose veins (internal or external) in the rectum-symptoms are itching, bleeding with bowel movements, and rectal pain

Achalasia=disorder of the esophagus (causes pain with swallowing); peristaltic movement of the lower portion of the esophagus does not function properly making it difficult for food/liquid to get to the stomach

Most common problem in upper digestive system due to aging is related to losing teeth

Decreased circulation to the stomach increases the incidence of ulcer disease in the aging population

Gluten induced enteropathy= celiac disease, immune problem that sensitizes individual to gluten proteins-Treated with diet

Internal hemorrhoids might need visual inspection with an anoscope (lighted tube for anus)or proctoscope (lighted tube for rectum)

Sphincter muscles control the cardiac and pyloric openings