Untitled Flashcards Set

Racial Capitalism

• Defined as the process where racial inequalities are deeply embedded in capitalist systems, exploiting marginalized groups for economic gain. Matlon's Ten Theses of Racial Capitalism explores how racialization has been central to capitalist development, particularly through labor exploitation and social hierarchies.

• Racial capitalism is a theoretical concept that describes the foundational role that race plays in the development of global capitalism via the production of material and ideological forms of difference in the economic valuing and social organization of labor; and the distribution of resources and power.

Neoliberalism

• An economic ideology emphasizing free markets, deregulation, and minimal state intervention. Klein's The Shock Doctrine examines how neoliberal reforms are imposed in the aftermath of crises, while Duggan's The Twilight of Equality? critiques how neoliberalism diminishes social protections.

• Neocolonialism is the practice of using financial institutions, economic policy, and cultural forms to influence a developing country rather than the previous colonial methods of direct military and political control.

Gender Roles

• Social expectations dictating appropriate behaviors and responsibilities based on perceived gender. Wade & Ferree's Ideas and Performances analyze how these roles are embedded in social institutions and political systems.

• gender roles, the cultural expectations of men and women in a particular society, including the division of labor.Gender roles/identity is policed and enforced in order to regulate ‘appropriate’ sexual behavior.

White Privilege

• Unearned social advantages that benefit white individuals due to systemic racism. Davis's Recognizing Racism in the Era of Neoliberalism critiques how white privilege persists despite claims of racial progress.

• refers to the social and structural processes that protects the collective group interests of people racialized as white and produces white privilege. It is enacted discursively, through state policy, and through social institutions that affirm and naturalize white social, political, and economic dominance.

• Correct

Keynesianism

• An economic theory advocating for government intervention to stabilize the economy, especially through public spending and social programs. Klein’s The Shock Doctrine contrasts Keynesian policies with neoliberal reforms.

• Keynesianism: This model of economic thought is based on the ideas of John Maynard Keynes, a 20th century English economist and considered one of the leading theorists in the field of macroeconomics.

• Argued that decisions made by the private sector (corporations) can lead to inefficient macroeconomic outcomes and therefore advocates active policy response by the public sector (government) to regulate the market. • Mixed capitalist economy • Strong social safety net - welfare, minimum wage, social programs, unemployment benefits, price controls, consumer subsidies.

Globalization

• The increasing interconnectedness of economies, cultures, and politics. Barker & Feiner's Globalization is a Feminist Issue highlights how globalization exploits marginalized labor forces, especially women.

• Globalization refers to the process that integrates resources, labor and capital into a global network; seeks to dismantle the various legal, political, and structural barriers that inhibit the free movement of corporations and capital.

Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs)

• Economic policies imposed by institutions like the IMF and World Bank to reduce government spending, often harming social services. Kincaid's A Small Place critiques SAPs for exacerbating inequality in Jamaica.

• Structural adjustment policy: a development policy promoted by Western nations, that requires poor nations to pursue free market reforms in order to get new loans from the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank

• Washington Consensus refers to a set of free-market economic policies supported by prominent financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the U.S. Treasury. A British economist named John Williamson coined the term in 1989. In theory, the ideas were intended to help developing countries that faced economic crises. IFIs recommend structural reforms (SAPs) that increased the role of market forces in exchange for immediate financial help.

Heteronormativity

• The assumption that heterosexuality is the norm, marginalizing LGBTQ+ identities. Wade & Ferree’s Ideas discusses how institutions reinforce these norms.

• Heteronormativity refers to sexual and gender norms that maintain that people fit into two distinct and complementary genders (man and woman) with naturalized social roles; treats heterosexuality as the normal sexual orientation; and suggests that marriage and sexual relations naturally occur exclusively between men and women

• Attempts to normalize and limit the full range of sexual expression and practices. • Heteronormativity reinforces and sanctions homophobia, a range of negative attitudes and behaviors against LGBT communities that is often enacted through systematic discrimination, violence, and social exclusion.

Class

• A social hierarchy based on economic status and power. Langston's Tired of Playing Monopoly? critiques class inequality and its role in maintaining systemic oppression.

• Class: a category of persons who all have about the same opportunity to obtain economic resources, power, or prestige

Racial Formations

• The process by which racial categories are created, transformed, and institutionalized. Omi & Winant's Racial Formation in the United States explores how race is constructed through social, economic, and political forces.

• Omi and Winant define racial formation as “the sociohistorical process by which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed.”

Washington Consensus

• A set of neoliberal economic policies promoting free trade, deregulation, and privatization. Klein’s The Shock Doctrine critiques these policies for exacerbating inequality and economic instability.

• Washington Consensus refers to a set of free-market economic policies supported by prominent financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the U.S. Treasury. A British economist named John Williamson coined the term in 1989. In theory, the ideas were intended to help developing countries that faced economic crises. IFIs recommend structural reforms (SAPs) that increased the role of market forces in exchange for immediate financial help.

Colonialism + Neocolonialism

• Colonialism involves direct territorial control; neocolonialism is economic and political influence exerted by powerful nations over former colonies. Kincaid's A Small Place critiques neocolonial economic practices in Jamaica.

• Neocolonialism is the practice of using financial institutions, economic policy, and cultural forms to influence a developing country rather than the previous colonial methods of direct military and political control.

• Colonialism: the active possession of a foreign territory and the maintenance of political, economic, and social dominance over that territory