Renewable Energies
Study Guide: Heating a Pool with Natural Gas and Renewable Energy
Heating a Pool with Natural Gas
Scenario:
Mrs. Grapes has a 20,000-gallon pool heated by natural gas.
Initial Temperature:
Water starts at 70ºF, heated to 85ºF.
Calculation Questions:
Calculate BTUs needed to raise temperature:Formula: BTUs = (Gallons) x (Weight of water) x (Temperature Increase)
Weight of Water: 1 gallon = 8 lbs ⇒ 20,000 gallons = 160,000 lbs
Temperature Increase: 85ºF - 70ºF = 15ºF
BTUs Calculation: 160,000 lbs x 15ºF = 2,400,000 BTUs
BTUs needed with furnace efficiency:
Efficiency: 75%
Total BTUs Needed: BTUs Needed / Efficiency = 2,400,000 BTUs / 0.75 = 3,200,000 BTUs
Natural gas needed:
1 cubic foot of natural gas = produces 1,000 BTUs
Cubic feet needed: 3,200,000 BTUs / 1,000 BTUs = 3,200 cubic feet
Cost of heating:
Cost of Natural Gas: $5.00 per 1,000 cubic feet
Total Cost: (3,200 cubic feet / 1,000) x $5.00 = $16.00
Renewable Energy Overview
Definition:
Renewable energy sources are replenished faster than they are consumed.
Major Advantages:
Produce less air pollution than fossil fuels.
Generally cause less land disruption compared to fossil fuel extraction.
Major Disadvantages:
Many renewable sources may not meet energy demand alone.
Geographic limitations may affect energy production.
Some renewables have lower EROEI compared to fossil fuels.
Biomass Energy
Definition:
Biomass refers to organic materials that are or were alive (e.g., wood, charcoal, manure).
Pros:
Generally inexpensive and easy to obtain.
Provides cooking heat in developing regions.
Conversion to biofuels can substitute fossil fuels.
Cons:
Overharvesting leads to ecological damage.
Emissions from burning can contribute to air pollution.
Different Renewable Energy Sources
Solar Energy:
Uses solar radiation for heat or electricity.
Pros: No emissions during use, cost-effective long-term.
Cons: High initial manufacturing costs.
Wind Energy:
Uses wind's kinetic energy to generate electricity.
Pros: Nondepletable, no pollutants.
Cons: Intermittent resource, potential wildlife hazards.
Hydroelectric Power:
Electricity from kinetic energy of moving water (e.g., tidal, run-of-river).
Pros: Reliable, minimal air pollution.
Cons: High construction costs, potential environmental disruptions.
Geothermal Energy:
Extracts heat from below Earth's crust.
Pros: Low emissions, reliable.
Cons: Limited geographical applicability.
Hydrogen Fuel Cells:
Convert hydrogen into electricity.
Pros: Low environmental impact.
Cons: High extraction costs, energy-intensive processes.